,FACTORS ,3TRIBUT+ TO ,BRL
,LE>N+ & ,R1D+ ,P]=M.E Z
,9DIVIDUALS ,AGE
,NATAL9A ,M>T9IELLO1 ,M4,SC1
,,CVRT ;9"<#A1B"> & ,WALT]
,WITTI*1 ,PH,D1 ,,CVLT1 ,,FAAO
"<;9#A1B1C">
;9#A ,^/ECOLE D'OPTOM^/ETRIE1
,UNIV]SIT^/E DE ,MONTR^/EAL1
,MONTR^/EAL1 ,CANADA
;9#B ,,CRIR_/,C5TRE DE
R^/EADAPTA;N
,LE?BRIDGE-,LAYTON-,MACKAY DU
,,CIUSSS ,C5TRE-,\E/-DE-L',^%"
ILE-DE-,MONTR^/EAL1
,MONTR^/EAL1 ,CANADA
;9#C ,,CRIR_/,9/ITUT ,NAZ>E?
ET ,L\IS-,BRL DU ,,CISSS DE LA
,MONT^/ER^/EGIE-,C5TRE1
,MONTR^/EAL1 ,CANADA

  ,CORRESPOND+ ,AU?OR3
,NATAL9A ,M>T9IELLO1 ,M4,SC41
,,CVRT1 ,WITTI* ,VI.N
,IMPAIR;T ,RESE>*           #A
,LABORATORY1 ,^/ECOLE
D'OPTOM^/ETRIE1 ,UNIV]SIT^/E
DE ,MONTR^/EAL

          ,9TRODUC;N

  ,Z ! PREVAL;E ( AGE-RELAT$
VI.N LOSS 3T9UES TO 9CR1SE1
REHABILITA;N SPECIALI/S 5C.T]
A GR[+ NUMB] ( "W+-AGE & OLD]
ADULTS :O EXP]I;E R1D+ RELAT$
DI6ICULTIES .<#A1 #B.>4 ,9 !
,UNIT$ ,/ATES AL"O1 ! PREVAL;E
( AGE-RELAT$ VI.N LOSS IS
EXPECT$ TO D\BLE BY #BJEJ1
PLAC+ 9CR1S+ BURD5S ON H1L?C>E
& REHABILITA;N SY/EMS .<#C.>4
,PREVI\S RESE>* ON BRL LE>N+ 9
! PA/ HAS FOCUS$ PRIM>ILY ON !
NE$S ( BL *N :O ACQUIRE BRL Z
A LIT]ACY M$IUM .<#D.>4 ,F>
LESS IS "KN AB ! UNIQUE
EXP]I;E ( BRL LE>N+ 9
ADULTHOOD FOLL[+ ACQUIR$ VI.N
LOSS1 OR AB ! IMPACT (      #B
AG+ & O!R FACTORS ON ?
PROCESS4
  ,! PRIM>Y GOAL ( ?
MULTIPHASE RESE>* IS TO ADD TO
! LIMIT$ BODY ( K AB BRL LE>N+
& USAGE AM;G "W+-AGE & OLD]
ADULTS4 ,COLLECTIVELY1 ^!
/UDIES EXPLORE ! 9FLU;E (
AGE-RELAT$ PHYSIOLOGICAL &
COGNITIVE FACTORS ON BRL R1D+
P]=M.E1 Z WELL Z ! 5ABL]S &
OB/ACLES 5C.T]$ BY "W+-AGE &
OLD] ADULTS :O PURSUE BRL
REHABILITA;N TRA9+4 ,! F9D+S
%$ M*-NE$$ LI<T ON ! EXP]I;E (
LE>N+ & US+ BRL 9 ADULTHOOD &
W 3TRIBUTE TO ! DEVELOP;T (
EVID;E-BAS$ PRACTICES T BETT]
MEET ! UNIQUE NE$S ( A RAPIDLY
AG+ POPULA;N4

    ,OV]VIEW
    ,? "W 3SI/S ( F\R SEP>ATE
PHASES "<%[N 9 ,TABLE #A 2L">
: 9VE/IGATE ! LE>N+ &       #C
USAGE ( BRL AM;G "W+-AGE &
OLD] ADULTS F 4T9CT B
COMPLI;T>Y P]SPECTIVES4 ,?
REPORT W HI<LI<T RESULTS F !
F/ TWO PHASES4 ,RESULTS F
,PHASE #C W 2 ELABORAT$ ^U
DUR+ ! PRES5TA;N4
,COLLECTIVELY1 ^! RESULTS
CL>IFY ASPECTS ( BRL USAGE
AM;G ADULTS & S5IORS & C>RY
IMPORTANT CL9ICAL IMPLICA;NS T
W 2 4CUSS$4
  ,TABLE #A3 ,RESE>* PHASES &
OV]ALL OBJECTIVES
    ,PHASE3 #A
,ME?ODOLOGY3 ,SCOP+ ,REVIEW
,OBJECTIVE3 ,TO ID5TIFY !
  TACTILE1 MOTOR & COGNITIVE
  FACTORS : H BE5 %[N TO
  CORRELATE ) BRL R1D+ P]=M.E1
  & ! 9/RU;TS US$ TO M1SURE ^!
  FACTORS 9 PRIOR RESE>*4

    ,PHASE3 #B
                            #D

,ME?ODOLOGY3 ,QUALITATIVE
  ,9T]VIEWS "<9T]PRETIVE
  PH5OM5OLOGICAL ANALYSIS">
,OBJECTIVE3 ,TO EXPLORE !
  EXP]I;E ( ! ADULT BRL LE>N+
  PROCESS & ! 5ABL]S &
  OB/ACLES 5C.T]$ BY "W+-AGE &
  OLD] ADULTS :O PURSUE BRL
  TRA9+4

    ,PHASE3 #C
,ME?ODOLOGY3 ,CORRELA;NS _/
  MULTIPLE REGRES.N
,OBJECTIVE3 ,TO DET]M9E
  PR$ICTORS ( BRL R1D+ P]=M.E
  AM;G "W+-AGE & OLD] ADULTS1
  Z WELL Z ! 9FLU;E ( AGE ON
  ^! FACTORS4

    ,PHASE3 #D
,ME?ODOLOGY3 ,EXP]I;TAL TRA9+
  9T]V5;N

                            #E

,OBJECTIVE3 ,TO EXPLORE !
  9FLU;E ( R1D+ M$IUM "<PAP]
  VS4 ELECTRONIC BRL"> ON BRL
  TRA9+ \TCOMES AM;G "W+-AGE &
  OLD] ADULT BRL LE>N]S
    ,BACKGR.D & ,3TEXT
  ,TWO TYPES ( ADULT BRL
CLI5TS MAY 2 5C.T]$ )9 ! VI.N
LOSS REHABILITA;N 3TEXT4 ,! F/
GR\P 3SI/S ( ^? ) 3G5ITAL
VISUAL IMPAIR;TS :O 7 9TRODUC$
TO BRL E>LY 9 LIFE1 ?\< MAY
SEEK REHABILITA;N S]VICES =
*ANG+ NE$S "?\T ADULTHOOD4 ,!
SECOND GR\P "<A GR[+ MAJOR;Y">
3SI/S ( ADULTS :O EXP]I;E
AGE-RELAT$ VI.N LOSS & :O MAY
B5EFIT F BRL 9/RUC;N = !
MA9T5.E ( DAILY LIV+
ACTIVITIES .<#E.>4 ,)9 ?
3TEXT1 "W+-AGE & OLD] ADULTS
>E ALR LIT]ATE Z PR9T R1D]S
PRIOR TO ACQUIR+ VI.N LOSS4 ,=
^! CLI5TS1 BRL 9/RUC;N      #F
DOES N FOCUS ON ! ACQUISI;N (
LIT]ACY SKILLS1 B 9/1D ON !
DEVELOP;T ( TACTILE P]CEP;N &
O!R CAPACITIES NE$$ = E6ICI5T
BRL R1D+4
  ,FEW /UDIES H EXPLOR$ !
EXP]I;ES ( OLD] ADULTS :O
PURSUE BRL TRA9+4 ,= ! MO/ "P1
^! PREVI\S 9VE/IGA;NS H FOCUS$
ON ! IPLICA;NS ( LE>N+ A NEW
SKILL LAT] 9 LIFE4 ,= EXAMPLE1
S"EAL /UDIES EXPLORE ! DEGREE
( LE>N+ PLA/IC;Y T C 2 EXPECT$
9 ADULTHOOD4 ,X IS WELL
E/ABLI%$ T *N :O LE>N BRL E>LY
9 LIFE RECRUIT ! VISUAL CORTEX
DUR+ BRL R1D+ & T ? CORTICAL
MAGNIFICA;N IS M LIKELY :5 BRL
IS LE>N$ 9 *ILDHOOD .<#F1
#G.>4 ,"S /UDIES H SU7E/$ T ?
CORTICAL REORGANIZA;N MAY 2
EXP]I;ED BY ADULT LE>N]S ( BRL
IF !Y >E EXPOS$ TO 3SI/5T
PRACTICE .<#H.>4 ,A S]IES (
O!R /UDIES H EXPLOR$ !      #G
IMPACT ( AG+ ON ! TACTILE1
MOTOR & COGNITIVE CAPACITIES T
>E EXPECT$ TO 2 ESS5TIAL = BRL
R1D+1 L1D+ TO MO/LY
3TRADICTORY F9D+S .<#I-#AB.>4
,NORMAL AG+ IS AL ASSOCIAT$ )
SUBTLE YET /1DY DECL9ES 9 "W+
MEMORY .<#AC.>4 ,? HAS BE5 %[N
TO NEGATIVELY IMPACT R1D+
COMPREH5.N AM;G SI<T$ PR9T
R1D]S .<#AD.>1 B ! POT5TIAL
IMPACT ( ^! DECL9ES H N BE5
EXPLOR$ 9 RELA;N TO BRL .<#F1
#AE1 #AF.>4
  ,:ILE N C5TR$ ON BRL1 A WIDE
BODY ( RESE>* HAS AL 9VE/IGAT$
! UNIQUE PROCESS ( LE>N+ 9
ADULTHOOD4 ,^! /UDIES H
EMPHASIZ$ T &RAGOGY "<ADULT
LE>N+"> IS 4T9CT F P$AGOGY
"<*ILDHOOD LE>N+"> & T ?
C>RIES IMPLICA;NS T %D 2
3SID]$ DUR+ TRA9+4 ,AM;G !
COMPON5TS ( ADULT LE>N+1
PROPON5TS A35TUATE ! ROLE   #H
( PREVI\S LIFE EXP]I;ES Z
IMPORTANT REF];E PO9TS1 & !
NE$ = ADULTS TO "U/& !
PRACTICAL APPLICA;N ( :AT !Y
>E LE>N+ 9 ORD] TO SU/A9
MOTIVA;N & 5GAGE;T4 ,! !ORIES
( &RAGOGY Z !Y APPLY TO BRL
R1D+1 Z WELL Z O!R FACTORS ALR
"KN TO 9FLU;E \TCOMES ( ADULT
BRL LE>N]S1 W 2 ELABORAT$ ON 9
! PRES5TA;N .<#AG1 #AH.>4
  ,PREVI\S BRL RESE>* HAS1 TO
A L>GE DEGREE1 FOCUS$ ON !
LE>N+ ( BRL 9 *ILDHOOD1 L1V+ A
SIGNIFICANT VOID 9 \R K ( !
9FLU;ES ( BRL LE>N+ SU3ESS
AM;G ADULTS & S5IORS ) ACQUIR$
VI.N LOS4 ,RESE>* ON BRL & AG+
W HELP TO 9=M EVID;E-BAS$
PRACTICE T BETT] MEETS ! NE$S
( "W+-AGE & OLD] ADULTS :O
PURSUE BRL TRA9+4 ,2L1 WE
SUMM>IZE A HI<-LEVEL OV]VIEW (
RESULTS4 ,Z ^! >E N[ 2+ 3SID]$
= PUBLICA;N1 WE >E UNABLE   #I
TO 9CLUDE FULL F9D+S =
3SID]A;N "H4 ,9/1D1 ^! W 2
4CUSS$ )9 ! PRES5TA;N XF4

      ,PHASE #A3 ,SCOP+
           ,REVIEW

  ,TO CANVASS ! EXI/+
LIT]ATURE REG>D+ ! RELA;N%IP
2T TACTILE1 MOTOR1 & COGNITIVE
FUNC;N & BRL R1D+ P]=M.E1 WE
P]=M$ A SCOP+ REVIEW .<#AI1
#BJ.> Z A M1NS ( MAPP+ ! EXI/+
EVID;E ADDRESS+ ^! TWO CORE
"QS3

#A4 ,:AT IS "KN AB ! RELA;N%IP
  2T TACTILE P]CEP;N1 MOTOR
  DEXT];Y1 COGNITIVE ABIL;Y &
  BRL R1D+ P]=M.E8
#B4 ,:AT M1SURE;T 9/RU;TS H
  BE5 US$ TO ASSESS ^!
  TACTILE1 MOTOR & COGNITIVE
  FACTORS 9 PRIOR BRL RESE>*8
                           #AJ
    ,PROC$URE
    ,WE COLLECT$ #A1CBJ
>TICLES ^: TITLE OR AB/RACT
3TA9$ ! ^W 8BRL0 BAS$ ON A
SE>* ( F\R ACADEMIC DATABASES
"<,PSYC,,9FO1 ,CO*RANE
,DATABASE ( ,SY/EMATIC
,REVIEWS1 ,,]IC1 &
,PUB,M$_/,,M$L9E">4 ,!
AB/RACTS ( ^? #A1CBJ >TICLES 7
REVIEW$ BY ! F/ AU?OR & A
RESE>* ASSI/ANT TO DET]M9E _!
RELEV.E & SUITABIL;Y1 & #CIG 7
ULTIMATELY SELECT$ = A
FULL-TEXT REVIEW "<) #IF.0
AGREE;T 2T ! REVIEW]S1 .1KAPPA
"7 #4IA .<#4HH1 #4ID.>1 ;P @<
#4JJA">4 ,AN >TICLE 0 DEEM$
WOR?Y ( FUR!R EXAM9A;N IF X
REPORT$ PRIM>Y RESE>* EXPLOR+
A POT5TIAL CORRELA;N 2T "O OR
M M1SUR$ TACTILE1 MOTOR OR
COGNITIVE FACTORS & BRL R1D+
P]=M.E "<SPE$1 A3URACY1 OR
COMPREH5.N">4 ,ONLY        #AA
PE]-REVIEW$1 ,5GLI% LANGUAGE
>TICLES 7 9CLUD$1 B NO
LIMITA;NS 7 O!RWISE IMPOS$
REG>D+ DATE ( PUBLICA;N1
GEOGRAPHIC LOCA;N1 /UDY TYPE1
OR SAMPLE "*I/ICS4 ,! FULL
TEXT ( ! #CIG ID5TIFI$ >TICLES
7 RETRIEV$ & ASSESS$ M FULLY
AG/ ! 9CLU.N CRIT]IA BY ! F/
AU?OR & RESE>* ASSI/ANT1
YIELD+ A TOTAL ( #BF RELEVANT
9CLUD$ /UDIES .<#AJ1 #AA1
#BA-#DD.> "<) #ID4F.0 AGREE;T
2T ! REVIEW]S1 .1KAPPA "7 #4HB
.<#4GG1 #4HG.>1 ;P @< #4JJA">4

    ,RESULTS
    ,( ! #BF /UDIES1 #AA
FOCUS$ ON ! E6ECT ( TACTILE
ACU;Y ON BRL R1D+ P]=M.E4
,AM;G ! #AD TACTILE M1SURE;TS
US$ 9 ^! /UDIES1 #B PRIM>Y
CATEGORIES EM]G$3 ^? : M1SURE
PASSIVE ACU;Y "<:5 A /IMULUS
IS APPLI$ TO ! /A;N>Y      #AB
F+]"> & ACTIVE ACU;Y "<OR
HAPTIC T\* : 9VOLVES MOVE;T1 Z
) BRL R1D+">4 ,?IRTE5 /UDIES
3SID]$ DI6]5T MOTOR FUNC;NS &
_! RELA;N%IP TO BRL R1D+4 ,"H1
! MO/ SIGNIFICANT ATT5;N 0
DEVOT$ TO ! ROLE ( H& MOVE;T
PATT]NS DUR+ BRL R1D+4 ,) !
EXCEP;N ( H& MOVE;TS : APPE>
TO 9FLU;E BRL R1D+ SPE$1 MO/ (
! O!R M1SURE;TS US$ YIELD$
9CONSI/5T RESULTS4 ,AM;G ! #E
/UDIES : 3SID]$ COGNITIVE
M1SURES1 #AJ SEP>ATE M1SURE;T
9/RU;TS 7 EMPLOY$4 ,^!
COGNITIVE M1SURES FELL 9TO #C
BROAD CATEGORIES3 9TELLIG;E OR
,,IQ TE/S1 LEXICAL OR
PHONOLOGICAL TE/S1 & TE/S :
M1SURE %ORT-T]M "W+ MEMORY4
,AM;G ^!1 %ORT-T]M "W+ MEMORY
APPE>S TO CORRELATE ) BRL R1D+
A3URACY & COMPREH5.N1 B !
REMA9+ /UDIES L$ TO 9CONSI/5T
F9D+S4                     #AC
    ,?\< ! SPECIFIC M1SURE;TS
& _! RESULTS W 2 EXP&$ ^U DUR+
! PRES5TA;N1 :AT 2COMES IMMLY
EVID5T IS T PRIOR RESE>* ON
TACTILE1 MOTOR & COGNITIVE
ABILITIES & BRL R1D+ P]=M.E
AM;G ADULTS & S5IORS IS HI<LY
9CONSI/5T4 ,= ! MO/ "P1 ":
M1SURE;TS >E US$1 !Y H N BE5
REPLICAT$ & H RESULT$ 9
9CONSI/5T & 3TRADICTORY F9D+S4
,X WD 2 UNWISE TO BASE ANY
DECI.NS AB ADULT LE>N]S ON !
RESULTS EMANAT+ F ANY ( ^!
TE/S4 ,ABV ALL ELSE1 ! SCOP+ (
PRIOR LIT]ATURE A35TUATES !
NE$ TO REPLICATE PREVI\S
/UDIES TO REVIEW _! RELIABIL;Y
:5 US$ ) OLD] BRL R1D]S4 ,X IS
AL IMPORTANT TO NOTE T LESS
?AN #AB ( ^! /UDIES 9CLUD$
"PICIPANTS ABV ! AGE ( #FJ1 &
N"O SPECIFICALLY EXPLOR$ !
9FLU;E ( AGE Z A V>IABLE ON
BRL R1D+ \TCOMES4          #AD
   ,PHASE #B3 ,QUALITATIVE
            ,/UDY

    ,X IS RECOGNIZ$ T ! LE>N+
PROCESS IS 9FLU;ED BY A V>IETY
( FACTORS T MOVE ABV & 2Y
PHYSIOLOGICAL & COGNITIVE
3SID]A;NS AL"O4 ,= ? R1SON1 !
GOAL ( ? PHASE 0 TO EXPLORE !
EXP]I;E ( LE>N+ BRL 9
ADULTHOOD1 Z WELL Z !
FACILITATORS & B>RI]S T >E
5C.T]$ DUR+ ! ADULT BRL LE>N+
J\RNEY4 ,AN ,9T]PRETIVE
,PH5OM5OLOGICAL ,ANALYSIS
APPROA* 0 US$1 : ALL[$ U TO
D]IVE M1N+ F ! /ORIES %>$ BY
"PICIPANTS :O H EXP]I;ED BRL
LE>N+ 9 ADULTHOOD FOLL[+ VI.N
LOSS .<#DE.>4 ,9 TOTAL1 #AD
"PICIPANTS F ,CANADA COMPLET$
9-DEP? SEMI-/RUCTUR$ 9T]VIEWS
ON _! BRL LE>N+ EXP]I;ES & !
FACTORS : PLAY$ A ROLE4
,"PICIPANTS 7 2T ! AGES    #AE
( #DJ & #GB & LE>N$ BRL 2T !
AGES ( #CC & #FG4

           ,RESULTS

    ,"PICIPANTS DESCRIB$ T !
LE>N+ ( BRL 9 ADULTHOOD IS
9FLU;ED BY A V>IETY ( P]SONAL1
SOCIAL & 9/ITU;NAL FACTORS4
,AM;G ! P]SONAL FACTORS1
"PICIPANTS EXPRESS$ T !
MOTIVA;N TO LE>N BRL IS (T5
9/IGAT$ BY A NE$ TO MA9TA9
M1N+;L ADULT ROLES4 ,PRIOR
ID5T;Y AL EM]G$ Z AN IMPORTANT
FACTOR1 ": ^? :O VIEW$ !MVS Z
R1D]S PRIOR TO VI.N LOSS FELT
T BRL ALL[$ !M TO RECONNECT )
A LO/ S5SE ( SELF4 ,"PICIPANTS
AL HI<LI<T$ ! ROLE ( _!
PSY*OSOCIAL RESPONSES TO BL;S
& BRL1 & ! 9FLU;E ( PREVI\S
LE>N+ EXP]I;ES "<:E!R NEGATIVE
OR POSITIVE"> Z IMPORTANT
3SID]A;NS4 ,AT ! SOCIAL    #AF
LEVEL1 "PICIPANTS DESCRIB$ !
9FLU;E ( FAMILY & FRS1 & !
NEGATIVE IMPACT ( MISCONCEP;NS
AB BRL OR BL;S HELD BY ^? 9 _!
IMM CIRCLES4 ,! RESPONSE F !
G5]AL PUBLIC 0 DESCRIB$ AT
L5G? BY ALM ALL "PICIPANTS4
,"H1 "PICIPANTS ILLU/RAT$ !
WAYS 9 : _! RESPONSES T[>DS !
ATT5;N !Y G>N] F O!RS :5 US+
BRL 9 PUBLIC IS (T5 DEP5D5T ^U
_! VIEWS T[>DS BL;S Z AN
ID5T;Y CATEGORY4 ,MO/
IMPORTANTLY1 X 0 FELT T
EXP]I;ED BRL US]S FUNC;N$ Z
POSITIVE S\RCES ( SUPPORT1 B T
^! NET"WS >E (T5 N AVAILABLE
TO ADULT LE>N]S4 ,AM;G !
9/ITU;NAL FACTORS1 "PICIPANTS
T\*$ ON ! LACK ( AVAILABLE
RES\RCES & DEVICES = ADULT BRL
LE>N]S & ! B5EFIT ( LE>N+
AL;GSIDE O!R ADULTS4 ,RESULTS
AL HI<LI<T A P]CVD RELUCT.E
AM;G "S REHABILITA;N       #AG
SPECIALI/S TO PROVIDE BRL
TRA9+ DUE TO AGEI/ /]EOTYPES &
! 2LIEFS AB ! ABILITIES ( OLD]
ADULTS4 ,^! FULL RESULTS & _!
IMPLICA;NS W 2 EXP&$ ^U 9 !
PRES5TA;N4

    ,PHASE #C3 ,CORRELA;N
            ,/UDY

    ,! ?IRD PHASE ( ? RESE>*1
: IS ONGO+1 M1SURES A V>IETY (
TACTILE1 MOTOR & COGNITIVE
FUNC;NS 9 A SAMPLE ( EXP]I;ED
ADULT & S5IOR BRL R1D]S ACR !
AGE SPECTRUM1 & _! POT5TIAL
RELA;N%IP TO BRL R1D+ P]=M.E
"<SPE$1 A3URACY &
COMPREH5.N">4 ,! SPECIFIC
M1SURES SELECT$ = ? PHASE >E
BAS$ ^U ! SCOP+ REVIEW 3DUCT$
9 ,PHASE #A1 9 ORD] TO
REPLICATE PRIOR RESE>* & TO
3SID] ! ADDI;NAL IMPLICA;N (
AGE ON ^! FACTORS4 ,!      #AH
?REE RESE>* "QS WE >E EXPLOR+
9 ? PHASE ( ! RESE>* >E3

#A4 ,>E TACTILE1 MOTOR &
  COGNITIVE FUNC;NS 9FLU;ED BY
  *RONOLOGICAL AGE OR ! AGE (
  BRL ACQUISI;N8
#B4 ,:AT PHYSIOLOGICAL &
  COGNITIVE FACTORS BE/ PR$ICT
  BRL R1D+ P]=M.E ACR ! ADULT
  & S5IOR AGE SPECTRUM8 ,:AT
  IS ! ROLE ( AGE1 AGE ( BRL
  ACQUISI;N & FREQU5CY ( BRL
  USAGE ON BRL R1D+ M1SURES8
#C4 ,DOES R1D+ =MAT "<PAP] VS4
  4PLAY"> 9FLU;E BRL R1D+
  P]=M.E1 & IS ? IMPACT
  MOD]AT$ BY ! KEY V>IABLES
  \TL9$ 9 ? /UDY8

  ,TO EXPLORE ^! RELA;N%IPS1
#DE "PICIPANTS "<ALL EXP]I;ED
BRL-R1D+ ,CANADIANS F ,QUEBEC1
,ONT>IO1 & ,BRITI% ,COLUMBIA">
"UW5T AN EXT5SIVE          #AI
ASSESS;T PROTOCOL T COLLECT$
DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS "<9CLUD+
BRL HI/ORY">1 TACTILE P]CEP;N
"<US+ F\R DI6]5T TACTILE ACU;Y
ASSESS;TS">1 & DATA ON MOTOR &
COGNITIVE FUNC;N+4 ,DATA
COLLEC;N = ? PHASE 3CLUD$ 9
,FEBRU>Y #BJBJ & ANALYSIS IS
CURR5TLY "UWAY4 ,PRELIM9>ILY
"<Z ^! RESULTS >E SUBJECT TO
FUR!R REF9E;T">1 ANALYSES
REV1L T ^? :O >E OLD] Z WELL Z
^? :O LE>N BRL LAT] 9 LIFE
A*IEVE HI<] "<WORSE"> ACTIVE &
PASSIVE TACTILE ACU;Y M1SURES4
,ANALYSES CURR5TLY AL SU7E/ T
AGE1 AGE ( BRL ACQUISI;N &
FREQU5CY ( BRL USAGE >E MO/
PR$ICTIVE ( BRL R1D+ P]=M.E4
,MO/ NOTABLY1 FREQU5CY ( BRL
USAGE APPE>S TO PLAY A ROLE1
REG>D.S ( :5 BRL IS LE>N$4 ,A
PAIR$-SAMPLE ;T-TE/ AL REV1LS
T "! IS NO SIGNIFICANT DI6];E
9 BRL R1D+ P]=M.E :5       #BJ
R1D+ ON PAP] VS4 AN ELECTRONIC
4PLAY4 ,H["E1 FUTURE ANALYSES
>E REQUIR$ TO DET]M9E :E!R !
E6ECT ( =MAT ON R1D+ P]=M.E IS
MOD]AT$ BY ANY DEMOGRAPHIC1
TACTILE1 MOTOR1 OR COGNITIVE
M1SURES1 9CLUD+ AGE & AGE :5
BRL 0 LE>N$4
  ,:ILE X DOES N APPE> T AM;G
! EXP]I;ED R1D]S 9 ? /UDY "! 0
ANY SIGNIFICANT DI6];E 9 R1D+
P]=M.E ON PAP] V]SUS ON A BRL
4PLAY1 9 ,PHASE #D ( ? RESE>*
WE W 2 EXPLOR+ :E!R ANY GRT]
DI6];E >ISES AM;G NA^3IVE
ADULT & S5IOR BRL LE>N]S :O >E
J 2G9N+ BRL 9/RUC;N4 ,!
RESULTS ( ^! PHASES W 2 4CUSS$
9 GRT] DETAIL DUR+ !
PRES5TA;N1 AL;G ) ! CL9ICAL
IMPLICA;NS = "W+-AGE & OLD]
ADULTS :O PURSUE BRL
REHABILITA;N TRA9+4

                           #BA
           ,REF];ES

  #A4 ,RUB91 ,G4,S41 .7,M1SUR+
R1D+ P]=M.E4.' ,VI.N ,RESE>*1
#BJAC4 #IJ3 ;P4 #DC-#EA4
  #B4 ,BR[N1 ,J4,C41 ET ;AL41
.7,"*IZ+ FUNC;NAL COMPLA9TS 9
PATI5TS SEEK+ \TPATI5T L[-VI.N
S]VICES 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4.'
,OPH?ALMOLOGY1 #BJAD4
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