,! ,RULES (
     ,UNIFI$ ,5GLI% ,BRL
     ,SECOND ,$I;N #BJAC

  ,$IT$ BY ,*RI/9E ,SIMPSON

         ,PUBLI%$ BY
    ,9T]NA;NAL ,C\NCIL ON
         ,5GLI% ,BRL
         WWW4ICEB4ORG
      ,COPY"R3 ^C #BJAC
        ,TRANSCRIP;N (
,,ISBN3 #IGH-#J-#IHJGJFD-#F-#H

      ,TRANSCRIB$ #BJAC1
        BY ,M>Y ,HU<ES
            ,,CNIB
 ,TORONTO1 ,,ON ,M#D,G #C,E#H

        ,9 #F ,VOLUMES
  ,VOLUME #D ,SEC;NS #AA-#AF
,BRL PAGES T#A-T#B1 P#A-P#H &
           #A-#AAJ
   ,PR9T PAGES ;VII-B;IX &
          #AFI-A#BBH       T#A
























                           T#B
         FRONT MATT]      ;VII

       ,TABLE ( ,3T5TS

,SEC;N

         ,SEC;N #AA3
      ,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL  #AFI
#AA4A ,9TRODUC;N """""""" #AFI
#AA4B ,SIGNS ( OP]A;N &
    COMP>ISON """"""""""" #AFI
  ,"S COMMON OP]A;N
    SIGNS """"""""""""""" #AFI
  ,"S COMMON COMP>ISON
    SIGNS """"""""""""""" #AFI
  ,SPAC+ ( OP]A;N &
    COMP>ISON SIGNS 9
    NON-TE*NICAL MAT]IAL  #AFI
  ,SPAC+ ( OP]A;N &
    COMP>ISON SIGNS 9
    TE*NICAL MAT]IAL """" #AGJ
#AA4C ,FRAC;NS """""""""" #AGJ
  ,SIMPLE NUM]IC FRAC;NS  #AGJ
  ,MIX$ NUMB]S """""""""" #AGA
        TABLE ( 3T5TS      P#A
         FRONT MATT]     A;VII
  ,FRAC;NS WRITT5 9 L9E>
    =M 9 PR9T """"""""""" #AGA
  ,G5]AL FRAC;N
    9DICATORS """"""""""" #AGA
#AA4D ,SUP]SCRIPTS &
    SUBSCRIPTS """""""""" #AGB
  ,DEF9I;N ( AN ITEM """" #AGB
  ,SUP]SCRIPTS &
    SUBSCRIPTS )9 LIT]>Y
    TEXT """""""""""""""" #AGB
  ,ALGEBRAIC EXPRES.NS
    9VOLV+ SUP]SCRIPTS "" #AGC
#AA4E ,SQU>E ROOTS & O!R
    RADICALS """""""""""" #AGC
-------------------------;VIII
  ,SQU>E ROOTS """""""""" #AGD
  ,CUBE ROOTS ETC """"""" #AGD
#AA4F ,>R[S """"""""""""" #AGD
  ,SIMPLE >R[S """""""""" #AGD
  ,>R[S ) NON-/&>D %AFTS  #AGE
  ,>R[S ) NON-/&>D TIPS   #AGE
  ,LESS COMMON >R[S """"" #AGF
#AA4G ,%APE SYMBOLS """"" #AGF
        TABLE ( 3T5TS      P#B
         FRONT MATT]    A;VIII
  ,USE ( ! %APE T]M9A;N
    9DICATOR """""""""""" #AGF
  ,TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
    %APES """"""""""""""" #AGF
  ,PHYSICAL 5CLOSURE
    9DICATOR .=[ """""""" #AGG
#AA4H ,MATRICES &
    VECTORS """"""""""""" #AGG
  ,PLACE;T ( MULTI-L9E
    GR\P+ SYMBOLS """"""" #AGG
#AA4I ,*EMI/RY """""""""" #AGH
  ,USE ( CAPITAL
    9DICATORS &
    T]M9ATORS """"""""""" #AGH
#AA4AJ ,COMPUT] NOTA;N "" #AGH
  ,DEF9I;N ( COMPUT]
    NOTA;N """""""""""""" #AGH
  ,GRADE ( BRL 9 COMPUT]
    NOTA;N """""""""""""" #AGH

         ,SEC;N #AB3
     ,E>LY ,=MS ( ,5GLI%  #AHA

        TABLE ( 3T5TS      P#C
         FRONT MATT]    B;VIII

         ,SEC;N #AC3
       ,=EIGN ,LANGUAGE   #AHE
  ,=EIGN CODE SIGNS US$
    9 ? SEC;N "<NON-
    ,,UEB SYMBOLS"> """"" #AHE
#AC4A ,DET]M9+ :AT IS
    =EIGN """"""""""""""" #AHE
#AC4B ,US+ ,,UEB
    3TRAC;NS """""""""""" #AHH
#AC4C ,GUIDEL9ES =
    3TRACT+ ANGLICIS$
    ^WS D]IV$ F SPECIFIC
    LANGUAGES """"""""""" #AIJ
#AC4D ,REPRES5T+ A35T$
    LRS """"""""""""""""" #AIJ
#AC4E ,US+ ,,UEB SIGNS "" #AIJ
#AC4F ,US+ =EIGN CODE
    SIGNS """"""""""""""" #AIB
#AC4G ,CODE SWIT*
    9DICATORS """"""""""" #AIE
#AC4H ,MIX$-LANGUAGE
    LIT]ATURE """"""""""" #AIF
        TABLE ( 3T5TS      P#D
         FRONT MATT]    C;VIII

         ,SEC;N #AD3
        ,CODE ,SWIT*+ """ #AII
  ,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS  #AII
  ,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS
    = ,,IPA ,BRL """""""" #AII
  ,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS
    = MUSIC BRL """"""""" #AII
  ,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS
    = ,NEME? ,CODE """""" #AII
  ,NON-,,UEB SYMBOLS US$
    9 ? SEC;N """"""""""" #BJJ
#AD4A ,PURPOSE ( CODE
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#AD4B ,:5 TO USE CODE
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#AD4C ,H[ TO USE CODE
    SWIT*+ 9DICATORS """" #BJC
#AD4D ,,IPA ,BRL )9
    ,,UEB TEXT """""""""" #BJG
#AD4E ,MUSIC BRL )9
    ,,UEB TEXT """""""""" #BJH
#AD4F ,NEME? ,CODE )9
        TABLE ( 3T5TS      P#E
         FRONT MATT]    D;VIII
    ,,UEB TEXT """""""""" #BJI
---------------------------;IX

         ,SEC;N #AE3
       ,SCAN.N1 ,/RESS
            & ,T"O """""" #BAA
#AE4A ,SCAN.N1 ,L9E
    ,M>K+ """"""""""""""" #BAA
#AE4B ,/RESS """""""""""" #BAB
#AE4C ,T"O """""""""""""" #BAD
#AE4D ,PHONETIC SCAN.N1
    /RESS & T"O """"""""" #BAE

         ,SEC;N #AF3
         ,L9E ,MODE1
         ,GUIDE ,DOTS """ #BAG
#AF4A ,:5 TO USE L9E
    MODE """""""""""""""" #BAG
#AF4B ,HORIZONTAL L9E
    MODE """""""""""""""" #BAG
#AF4C ,DIAGONAL &
    V]TICAL L9ES """""""" #BBA
#AF4D ,COMB9+ L9ES """""" #BBC
        TABLE ( 3T5TS      P#F
         FRONT MATT]      A;IX
#AF4E ,GUIDE DOTS """"""" #BBG






















        TABLE ( 3T5TS      P#G
         FRONT MATT]      B;IX























        TABLE ( 3T5TS      P#H
                          #AFI

         ,! ,RULES (
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     ,SECOND ,$I;N #BJAC

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  ,EXAMPLES3
  #E/H ( ! CLASS >E BOYS4
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  #B#A/B CUPS ( SUG>
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  ,EXAMPLES3
  ;;(X./Y)
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    SPACE4.>

      ,TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$ %APES
#AA4G4B ,! DESCRIP;N )9
  TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$ %APES %D 2
           #AA4G4B         #AI
         TE*4 MAT]IAL    C#AGF
  A %ORT S]IES ( 9ITIALS OR A
  S+LE GRADE #A ^W4 ,!Y %D N 2
  US$ IF ! PR9T SYMBOL IS ALR
  COV]$ ELSE": 9 ! CODE4 ,!
  DEF9I;NS ( ALL %APE SYMBOLS
  %D 2 AVAILABLE TO ! R1D] 9
  EI A TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE OR ON
  A SPECIAL SYMBOLS PAGE4
--------------------------#AGG

  ,EXAMPLE3
  ,A SMIL+ FACE US$ Z AN ICON
    "?\T A BOOK CD 2 DEF9$ Z
    @$SF

      ,PHYSICAL 5CLOSURE
      9DICATOR .=[
#AA4G4C ,! PHYSICAL 5CLOSURE
  9DICATOR SIGNALS A COMB9+ (
  ! ITEM J PRIOR "<! \T]
  SYMBOL"> ) ! ITEM IMMLY
  FOLL[+ X "<! 9N] SYMBOL">1
  ": 8ITEM0 IS Z DEF9$ 9
           #AA4G4C         #BJ
         TE*4 MAT]IAL    A#AGG
  ,SEC;N #AA4D4A4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  ;$=["6 .<CIRCLE 5CLOS+ A
    PLUS SIGN.>

    .7,REF] TO3 ,GUIDEL9ES =
  ,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P
  #AD4C1 ( ,%APE & ,COMPOSITE
  ,SYMBOLS1 = SUP]POSI;N1
  HORIZONTAL JUXTAPOSI;N &
  V]TICAL JUXTAPOSI;N ( PR9T
  SYMBOLS4

    #AA4H ,MATRICES & VECTORS
.=,"< BIG "<MULTI-L9E"> OP5+
  R.D P>5!SIS
.=,"> BIG "<MULTI-L9E"> CLOS+
  R.D P>5!SIS

      ,PLACE;T ( MULTI-L9E
      GR\P+ SYMBOLS
#AA4H4A ,:5 A PR9T GR\P+
           #AA4H4A         #BA
         TE*4 MAT]IAL    B#AGG
  SYMBOL /RET*ES ACR S"EAL
  L9ES ( PR9T1 USE !
  APPROPRIATE 5L>G$ GR\P+
  SYMBOL 9 BRL4 ,REP1T ! GR\P+
  SYMBOLS DIRECTLY "U EA* O!R
  ON EA* L9E4 ,USE BLANK L9ES
  2F & AF S* >RANGE;TS =
  CL>;Y4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  ,I "7 ,"<#A #J,">
        ,"<#J #A,">

    .7,REF] TO3 ,GUIDEL9ES =
  ,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"PS
  #AE4A TO #AE4G ( ,MATRICES &
  ,VECTORS1 = M 5L>G$ GR\P+
  SYMBOLS & EXAMPLES4





           #AA4H4A         #BB
         TE*4 MAT]IAL     #AGH

    #AA4I ,*EMI/RY
      ,USE ( CAPITAL 9DICATORS
      & T]M9ATORS
#AA4I4A ,! G5]AL ,,UEB
  PR9CIPLES ON ! *OICE ( S+LE
  LR1 ^W OR PASSAGE MODE
  APPLY2 9 "PICUL>1 A CAPITAL
  T]M9ATOR %D N 2 US$ )9 A
  TWO-LR *EMICAL ELE;T SYMBOL4
  ,US+ S+LE CAPITAL 9DICATORS
  = *EMICAL =MULAE PROVIDES A
  UNI=M APPE>.E TO ! BRL2
  N"E!.S1 "! MAY 2 A CLE>
  ADVANTAGE 9 US+ CAPITAL
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  ,LRS REPRES5T+ *EMICAL
  ELE;TS %D N"E 2 3TRACT$4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  ,H;5#B,O
  
  
           #AA4I4A         #BC
         TE*4 MAT]IAL    A#AGH
  ;;;#B,NA,O,H"6,H5#B,S,O5#D
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    .7,REF] TO3 ,GUIDEL9ES =
  ,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"PS
  #AF4A TO #AF4G1 ( ,*EMI/RY1
  = M EXAMPLES4

    #AA4AJ ,COMPUT] NOTA;N
      ,DEF9I;N ( COMPUT]
      NOTA;N
#AA4AJ4A ,COMPUT] NOTA;N IS
    ANY TEXT WRITT5 9 A =MAL
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    TEXT DIRECTLY = TE*NICAL
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    9CLUDE COMPUT] PROGRAMS
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    LANGUAGES S* Z ,JAVA1
    ,C"6"61 ,,COBOL1 & V>I\S
           #AA4AJ4A        #BD
         TE*4 MAT]IAL    B#AGH
    8ASSEMBLY0 LANGUAGES1
    NONPROC$URAL SCRIPT+ &
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    ,,XHTML1 & DATA FILES
    PREP>$ TO MEET ! 9PUT
    REQUIRE;TS ( SPECIFIC
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  .1,NOTE3
  _4 8,4PLAY$0 COMPUT] NOTA;N
    IS PRES5T$ 9 "O OR M L9ES
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    TEXT2
  _4 89L9E0 COMPUT] NOTA;N IS
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    TEXT1 = EXAMPLE1 AN EMAIL
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      ,GRADE ( BRL 9 COMPUT]
      NOTA;N
#AA4AJ4B ,A 4PLAY$ COMPUT]
    PROGRAM OR PROGRAM FRAG;T
    %D NORMALLY 2 TRANSCRIB$ 9
    GRADE #A BRL2 NE>BY
           #AA4AJ4B        #BE
         TE*4 MAT]IAL    C#AGH
    EXC]PTS F A PROGRAM
--------------------------#AGI
    T IS 4PLAY$ 9 GRADE #A %D
    PREF]ABLY AL 2 9 GRADE #A1
    = 3SI/5CY4 ,O!R EXPRES.NS1
    S* Z EMAIL ADDRESSES1 WEB
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    & COMPUT] EXPRES.NS N
    4PLAY$ ON SEP>ATE L9ES1 %D
    NORMALLY 2 TRANSCRIB$ 9
    GRADE #B BRL4
      .1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #B1
    ,T]M9OLOGY & ,G5]AL
    ,RULES1 = ! 8,/&+ ,AL"O0
    RULE2 & AL TO ,SEC;N #AJ1
    ,3TRAC;NS1 = EXAMPLES (
    EMAIL & WEB ADDRESSES4
      .7,REF] TO3 ,GUIDEL9ES =
    ,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P
    #AG1 ,COMPUT] ,NOTA;N1 =
    AN EXAMPLE ( A PROGRAM
    FRAG;T4

           #AA4AJ4B        #BF
                     #AHJ-#AHA

   ,SEC;N #AB3 ,E>LY ,=MS (
            ,5GLI%

.=#Y L[]CASE YO<
.=,#Y CAPITAL YO<
.=#! L[]CASE ?ORN
.=,#! CAPITAL ?ORN
.=#$ L[]CASE E?
.=,#$ CAPITAL E?
.=#W L[]CASE WYNN "<W5">
.=,#W CAPITAL WYNN "<W5">
.=A^6E LIGATURE AE "<A%">
.=,A,^6E CAPITAL LIGATURE ,,AE
  "<A%">
.=O^6E LIGATURE OE
.=,O,^6E CAPITAL LIGATURE ,,OE
.=@- MACRON ABV FOLL[+ LR

#AB4A ,FOLL[ ! PROVI.NS (
  ,SEC;NS #D4B & #D4C1 ,LRS &
  ,_! ,MODIFI]S = ! TR1T;T (
  LIGATUR$ LRS & ! MACRON4
            #AB4A          #BG
         E>LY ,5GLI%     A#AHA

  ,EXAMPLE3
  ,HW@-<A^6E>R W@-<A^6E>RE
    #$@-U8

#AB4B ,USE UNCONTRACT$ BRL =
  ,OLD ,5GLI%1 T IS1 ,5GLI%
  WRITT5 2F AB #AAJJ4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  ,B@-EO#$ G@-E STILLE4

#AB4C ,9 ,MIDDLE ,5GLI% "<;C4
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  3TRAC;NS IS OP;NAL4 ,:5
  3TRAC;NS >E US$1 H REG>D =
  SPELL+ V>IA;NS4
--------------------------#AHB

  ,EXAMPLE3
  .<,LUKE #B3#AJ F ,WYCLIF
    ,BIBLE "<;C4 #ACHJ"> )
    UNCONTRACT$ BRL3.>
            #AB4C          #BH
         E>LY ,5GLI%     A#AHB
  @& #!E AUNGIL SEIDE TO HEM1
    NYLE #YEE DREEDEN1 LO
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    SHALL BE TO ALLE PUPLE4

  .<EXAMPLES US+ 3TRACT$
    BRL3.>
  ;AL "<ALL">
  BO! "<BO?">
  C;YE "<C;Y">
  C\LD "<COLD">
  "DNTY "<DA9TY">
  DOLE;LL "<DOLE;L">
  FFUL "<FULL">
  =! "<=?">
  G5TIL.SE
  G5TL5ES "<G5TLE;S">
  _HDE
  H1!;SE "<H1!NDOM">
  L\E "<LOVE">
  M"O! "<MON?">
  "OLY "<ONLY">
            #AB4C          #BI
         E>LY ,5GLI%     B#AHB
  \] "<OV]">
  S"OS "<SONS">
  SOONE
  SWOLE) "<SWALL[S">
--------------------------#AHC
  _WE
  YOONGE

#AB4D ,USE 3TRACT$ BRL = ,E>LY
  ,MOD]N ,5GLI% "<;C4 #ADEJ TO
  ;C4 #AFEJ"> HAV+ REG>D =
  SPELL+ V>IA;NS4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  .<,LUKE #B3#AJ 9 ! ORIG9AL
    SPELL+ ( ! ,K+ ,JAMES
    ,BIBLE "<#AFAA">3.>
  ,& ! ,ANGEL SD VNTO !M1
    ,FE>E N3 ,= 2HOLD1 ,I BR+
    Y GD TID+S ( GRT IOY1 : %
    2 TO ALL P4


            #AB4D          #CJ
                     #AHD-#AHE

      ,SEC;N #AC3 ,=EIGN
          ,LANGUAGE

      ,=EIGN CODE SIGNS US$ 9
      ? SEC;N "<NON-,,UEB
      SYMBOLS">
.=E ,GREEK EPSILON
.=M ,GREEK MU
.=U ,GREEK OMIKRON YPSILON
.=& ,FR5* ;C-C$ILLA
.== ,FR5* ;E-ACUTE
.=( ,FR5* A-GRAVE
.=( ,SPANI% A-ACUTE
.=! ,FR5* ;E-GRAVE
.=! ,SPANI% ;E-ACUTE
.=) ,SPANI% ;U-ACUTE
.=% ,FR5* I-CIRCUMFLEX
.=? ,FR5* O-CIRCUMFLEX
.=\ ,IGBO ;U-DOT-"U
.=[ ,GREEK OMIKRON IOTA
.=[ ,IGBO O-DOT-"U
.=3_ ,FR5* OP5+ ITALIC PASSAGE
             #AC           #CA
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   A#AHD
.=5 ,SPANI% "Q M>K .<OP5+ "Q
  M>K IS 9V]T$ 9 PR9T.>
.=7 ,FR5* P>5!SIS "<R.D
  BRACKET">1 OP5+ & CLOS+
.=/ ,SPANI% I-ACUTE
.=+ ,SPANI% O-ACUTE
.=_ ,FR5* CLOS+ ITALIC PASSAGE
.=. ,FR5* CAPITAL SIGN

    #AC4A ,DET]M9+ :AT IS
    =EIGN
#AC4A4A ,A =EIGN LANGUAGE IS
  ANY NATURAL OR >TIFICIAL
  LANGUAGE 9 USE N[ OR 9 ! PA/
  O!R ?AN ,5GLI%4 ,X MAY 2
  WRITT5 9 ,ROMAN OR NON-
  ,ROMAN SCRIPT4 ,ANY =M (
  ,5GLI% TRANSLIT]AT$ 9 NON-
  ,ROMAN SCRIPT IS AL TO 2
  TR1T$ Z =EIGN4
--------------------------#AHF
#AC4A4B ,9 DET]M9+ :E!R A ^W
  OR PHRASE IS =EIGN OR
           #AC4A4B         #CB
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   A#AHF
  ANGLICIS$1 3SI/5CY )9 A BOOK
  IS M* M IMPORTANT ?AN
  3SI/5CY 2T BOOKS4 ,!
  PUBLI%]'S "<OR ": POSSIBLE !
  AU?OR'S"> 9T5;N1 IF
  ASC]TA9ABLE1 %D 2 REG>D$ Z
  P>AM.T4 ,ATT5;N %D 2 PD TO
  TYPOGRAPHY1 S9CE ITALICS OR
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  QUOTA;N M>KS >E (T5 US$ TO
  4T+UI% ^WS REG>D$ Z =EIGN F
  ^? REG>D$ Z ANGLICIS$4
    .1,REF] .1TO3 #AC4B1 = !
  TR1T;T ( 3TRAC;NS 9 ^WS1
  PHRASES OR PASSAGES1 REG>D$
  Z =EIGN4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  ,H] PIR\ETTE 0 LOVELY B H]
    .7FOUETT^/E EN TOURNANT.'
    0 SPECTACUL>4

#AC4A4C ,9 D\BT;L CASES !
           #AC4A4C         #CC
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   B#AHF
  DEFAULT POSI;N IS TO 3SID] !
  ^W OR PHRASE Z =EIGN4 ,"!=E
  TITLES "<= EXAMPLE"> 9 ANO!R
  LANGUAGE %D 2 REG>D$ Z
  =EIGN1 EV5 ?\< ,5GLI% &
  =EIGN TITLES >E N
  DI6]5TIAT$4
    .1,NOTE3 ,IF A /&>D
  DIC;N>Y IS 3SULT$ TO SETTLE
  A "Q : _C 2 RESOLV$ BY
  REF];E TO ! BOOK XF1 C>E %D
  2 TAK5 TO 5SURE T ! DIC;N>Y
  IS ACTUALLY PURPORT+ TO
  ANSW] ! "Q ) : ! TRANSCRIB]
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  REMEMB]$ T EV5 GD DIC;N>IES
  D N AGREE AM;G !MVS Z TO :AT
  ^WS >E TO 2 REG>D$ Z =EIGN4
    .1,NOTE3 ,IF US+ A
  DIC;N>Y1 5SURE T X IS LESS
  ?AN T5 YE>S OLD4 ,^WS OR
  EXPRES.NS T APPE> Z MA9
  5TRIES 9 ! BODY ( ! DIC;N>Y
           #AC4A4C         #CD
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   C#AHF
  >E 3SID]$ ANGLICIS$ UN.S !Y
  >E ID5TIFI$ Z =EIGN4 ,3SULT
  ! USAGE GUIDE = ! DIC;N>Y TO
  DET]M9E H[ =EIGN T]MS >E
  ID5TIFI$1 E4G4 BY A 4T9CTIVE
  TYPEFACE OR BY A SPECIAL
  PR9T M>K]4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  ,! NEWSPAP]S ) ! L>GE/
    CIRCULA;N >E .1,YOMIURI
    .1,SHIMBUN &
--------------------------#AHG
    .1,ASAHI .1,SHIMBUN F
    ,JAPAN FOLL[$ BY .7,! ,"TS
    ( ,9DIA4.'
  ,9 #AIAF1 ! ,BRITI% .1,QUE5
    .1,M>Y 0 SUNK BY ! ,G]MAN
    .1,DERFFLINGER DUR+ !
    ,BATTLE ( ,JUTL&4

  .<5TRIES 9 A BIBLIOGRAPHY3.>
  #A4 ,3LOGUE1 ,RAY4
           #AC4A4C         #CE
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   A#AHG
    .7,IMPOSSIBLE ,NA;N3 ,!
    ,L;G+ = ,HOMEL& 9 ,CANADA
    & ,QUEBEC4.' ,TORONTO3
    ,M]CURY ,PRESS1 #BJJB4
  #B4 ,LE ,ROY ,LADURIE1
    ,EMMANUEL4 8,QUAND ,PARIS
    ^/ETAIT CAPITALE DU
    MONDE40 .7,LE ,NOUVEL
    ,OBSERVATEUR1.' ,AUGU/
    #BJJA4
  #C4 ,M^/EN>D1 ,M>C4
    .7,^/ELEMENTS POUR UNE
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    ,,SODEC1 #BJJD4
  #D4 ,WEB]1 ,GEORGE4 8,!
    ,_W'S ,T5 ,MO/ ,9FLU5TIAL
    ,LANGUAGES40 .7,LANGUAGE
    ,TD #B1.' ,DECEMB] #AIIG4
--------------------------#AHH

    #AC4B ,US+ ,,UEB 3TRAC;NS
#AC4B4A ,EXCEPT Z PROVID$ = 9
           #AC4B4A         #CF
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   A#AHH
  ! NOTE 2L1 D N USE 3TRAC;NS
  9 ^WS1 PHRASES OR PASSAGES :
  >E REG>D$ Z =EIGN1 9CLUD+
  ANY ,5GLI% ^WS )9 !
  EXPRES.N4
    .1,NOTE3 ,X IS P]MISSIBLE
  TO 4REG>D ? RULE PROVID$ T
  "! >E APPROPRIATE BRL
  AU?OR;Y POLICIES & GUIDEL9ES
  9 PLACE : TRANSCRIB]S 9 YR
  C.TRY >E EXPECT$ TO FOLL[ TO
  5SURE T AMBIGU;Y IS AVOID$4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  ,! .1FOIH-CHAI1 ! TRA9S1
    TU7$ FREI<T C>S T BANG$
    TGR L ?"U4
  ,G5JI'S SUITOR PLAY$ !
    .1SHAMISEN4
  ,!RESE IS V .1CHIC4
  .1,SCHWIEGERVATER IS !
    ,G]MAN ^W = 8"F-9-LAW40
  ,! ^W 8DEMON/RATE0 COMES F !
           #AC4B4A         #CG
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   B#AHH
    ,LAT9 ^1DEMONSTRARE4
  8.7,UN MOMENTITO1 POR
    FAVOR1.'0 SD ,C>LOS4
  ,9 ,NIG]IA1 ,I PREF] TO
    TRAVEL BY .7,IFE ,SINE
    ,CHI.' L;G 4T.E BUSES4
--------------------------#AHI
  ,! ANN\NCE;T />T$3 .7,LORD
    ,BYRON ERA UN POETA MUY
    CONOCIDO4.'
  8.7,PRENONS COURAGE1
    ,MARGUERITE1.'0 ,J1NNE SD1
    H] >M L9K$ FIRMLY 9 M9E4
  ,WE W5T \ = A .1LEKK]
    .1BRAAI ( .7PAP EN WORS.'4
    .<,NOTE ! 3TRAC;NS 9 ?
    EXAMPLE1 & REF] TO ! NOTE
    ATTA*$ TO #AC4B4A4 ABV4.>

#AC4B4B ,D N USE GRADE #A
  9DICATORS = =EIGN MAT]IAL 9
  UNCONTRACT$ BRL4
#AC4B4C ,USE ,,UEB 3TRAC;NS 9
           #AC4B4C         #CH
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   A#AHI
  ^WS1 PHRASES1 PROP] "NS &
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  ANGLICIS$4 ,H["E1 D N USE A
  3TRAC;N T WD UNDULY 4TORT !
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  ^W4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  ,! EXPRES.N ME;TO MORI IS
    "S"TS US$ ) "S ( ! S5SE (
    C>PE DIEM4
  ,:ILE HE 0 9 ,S>AJEVO1 !
    B1UTI;L ,F]_HIJA MOSQUE _H
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  ,SR4 ;Y ,SRA4 ,JU>EZ 7
    IMPRESS$ ) ! LOCALLY-MADE
    PANCETTA S]V$ AT ! P5SIONE
    9 ,SAN ,M>9O1 ,ITALY4
--------------------------#AIJ
  ,MURASAKI ,%IKUBU WROTE .7,!
    ,TALE ( ,G5JI.'4


           #AC4B4C         #CI
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   A#AIJ

    #AC4C ,GUIDEL9ES = 3TRACT+
    ANGLICIS$ ^WS D]IV$ F
    SPECIFIC LANGUAGES
#AC4C4A ,GREEK3 ,9 ! LR
  COMB9A;N 8STH01 USE !
  3TRAC;NS 8TH0 OR 8THE0
  "<REPRES5T+ ! LR !TA"> R ?AN
  ! 3TRAC;N 8ST04
#AC4C4B ,SC&9AVIAN LANGUAGES3
  ,USE ! 8AR0 3TRAC;N 9 ! LR
  COMB9A;N 8AAR0 "<9 : AA
  REPRES5TS A ) CIRCLE ABV">
#AC4C4C ,WEL%3 ,D N USE !
  3TRAC;N 8ED0 9 ! LR COMB9A;N
  8EDD0 "<DD REPRES5TS A 4T9CT
  LR">4 ,SIMIL>LY USE 8FF0
  3TRAC;N 9 ! LR COMB9A;N
  8OFF0 R ?AN ! 3TRAC;N =
  8OF04

    #AC4D ,REPRES5T+ A35T$ LRS
#AC4D4A ,"! >E TWO WAYS TO
           #AC4D4A         #DJ
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   B#AIJ
    REPRES5T A35T$ LRS 9 BRL
    )9 A ,,UEB 3TEXT3
  _4 BY M1NS ( ,,UEB SIGNS =
    MODIFI]S "<#AC4E">1 OR
  _4 BY M1NS ( ! =EIGN CODE
    SIGNS US$ 9 BRL PRODUC;N 9
    ! C.TRY ": ! LANGUAGE IS
    SPOK5 "<#AC4F">4
      ,HYBRIDISA;N ( ^! TWO
    ME?ODS IS TO 2 AVOID$ S9CE
    ,,UEB SYMBOLS & =EIGN CODE
    SIGNS >E DI6]5T & MAY
    3FLICT4

    #AC4E ,US+ ,,UEB SIGNS
.=^;6 9V]T$ EXCLAMA;N M>K
.=^;8 9V]T$ "Q M>K

#AC4E4A ,USE ,,UEB SIGNS TO
    REPRES5T A35T$ LRS1
    PUNCTUA;N OR ,GREEK LRS ":
    X IS JUDG$ LIKELY T MO/
    R1D]S W 2 UNFAMILI> ) !
           #AC4E4A         #DA
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   C#AIJ
    =EIGN CODE SIGNS1 & ": !
    NATURE ( ! MAT]IAL DOES N
    CR1TE A R1SONABLE
    EXPECTA;N T !Y %D LE>N !M4
    ,,UEB SIGNS %D "!=E 2 US$3
  _4 = O3A.NAL =EIGN ^WS &
    PHRASES O3URR+ 9 ,5GLI%
    3TEXT2
  _4 = L;G] =EIGN PASSAGES S*
    Z 3V]SA;N O3URR+ 9 ,5GLI%
    NOVELS OR 9 O!R ,5GLI% "WS
    REG>D$ Z PRIM>ILY =
    LEISURE R1D+4
--------------------------#AIA
      .1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #D1
    ,LRS & _! MODIFI]S1 = !
    COMPLETE LI/ ( ,,UEB SIGNS
    = A35TS & ,GREEK LRS4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  ,HE WALK$ PA/ ! GRT MASSES (
    ! .1GRANDES .1^/ECOLES4

           #AC4E4A         #DB
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   A#AIA

  ,SIETSKE TOOK \ ! P>CEL &
    H&$ X TO ! SOLDI]4 8.7,EIN
    ,GESCHENK F^3UR UNS.' .<,A
    GIFT = U.>10 HE LAU<$4 ,!N
    HE OP5$ ! T9 BOX4
  8.7,AH1 GUTE ,BUTTER.'
    .<BUTT]1 DELICI\S.>4
    .1,DANKE1 .1,FR^3AULEIN
    .<,?ANK Y1 "Y LADY.>40

  ,-.7^;6,QU^/E IDEA M^/AS
    BUENA6.',-EXCLAIM$ ,P$RO'S
    "M4
  ,= .S R1D 8/&>D DEVIA;N40
  ,USE ,.DV TO D5OTE DI6];E OR
    *ANGE 9 VELOC;Y4

#AC4E4B ,:5 ,,UEB SIGNS >E
    US$1 D N USE =EIGN CODE
    3TRAC;NS OR O!R SIGNS F !
    =EIGN LANGUAGE CODE S* Z
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           #AC4E4B         #DC
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   B#AIA
#AC4E4C ,:5 ,,UEB SIGNS >E
    US$1 D N USE CODE SWIT*
    9DICATORS4
--------------------------#AIB

    #AC4F ,US+ =EIGN CODE
    SIGNS
#AC4F4A ,USE =EIGN CODE SIGNS
    9 ! REPRES5TA;N ( =EIGN
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    SUB/ANTIAL O3URR;E ( !
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  _4 GRAMM>S & O!R 9/RUC;NAL
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  _4 ,5GLI% COM;T>IES ON =EIGN
    "WS = /UDY1
  _4 BIL+UAL TEXTS "<:E!R SET
    \ 9 P>ALLEL OR
    3SECUTIVELY"> S* Z (FICIAL
    =MS1 OP]A LIBRETTI & O!R
    TRANSLA;NS1 &
  _4 ANY SITUA;N ":
    SIGNIFICANT K ( ! =EIGN
           #AC4F4A         #DD
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   A#AIB
    LANGUAGE IS PRESUPPOS$ OR
    2+ TAU<T4
#AC4F4B ,9 A =EIGN LANGUAGE
    BRL CODE1 X IS POSSIBLE TO
    H SIX CATEGORIES ( SIGN3
  #A4 ,SIGNS REPRES5T+ ! BASIC
    ELE;TS ( ! SCRIPT "<:E!R
    ALPHABET1 SYLLAB>Y1 OR
    O!R">2
  #B4 ,SIGNS REPRES5T+ A35TS
    "<9CLUD+ 9DICATORS (
    BR1?+1 T"O1 /RESS OR
    QUANT;Y">2
  #C4 ,PUNCTUA;N SIGNS &
    9DICATORS2
  #D4 ,ANCILL>Y SIGNS "<9CLUD+
    ANY SIGNS LIABLE TO O3UR 9
    LIT]>Y 3TEXTS1 : MAY OR
    MAY N 2 M PREVAL5T 9
    TE*NICAL MAT]IAL1 S* Z !
    AMP]S&1 A/]ISK1 BULLET1 AT
    SIGN1 DA7]1 & ! SIGNS
    REPRES5T+ BASIC MA!MATICAL
           #AC4F4B         #DE
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   B#AIB
    OP]A;NS">2
  #E4 ,TE*NICAL SIGNS1 : >E
    UNLIKELY "E TO APPE> 9
    LIT]>Y 3TEXTS2
  #F4 ,3TRAC;NS4
      .1,REF] .1TO3 ,! MO/
    REC5T $I;N ( .7,_W ,BRL
    ,USAGE.' : LI/S BY C.TRY
    SIGNS US$ 9 CATEGORIES
    "<#A"> TO "<#C">4
#AC4F4C ,:5 =EIGN CODE SIGNS
    >E US$1 D N USE ,,UEB
    3TRAC;NS4
#AC4F4D ,:5 US+ =EIGN CODE
    SIGNS = BASIC ELE;TS ( !
    SCRIPT &_/OR = A35TS1 T
    IS1 CATEGORIES "<#A"> &
    "<#B"> ABV1 X IS
    P]MISSIBLE ?\< N REQUIR$
    TO USE ! =EIGN CODE SIGNS
    = ANY ( ! O!R CATEGORIES4
    ,D N USE A ,,UEB SIGN T
    3FLICTS ) AN ELE;T 9 !
           #AC4F4D         #DF
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   C#AIB
    =EIGN CODE4 ,AL D N MIX
    =EIGN CODE SIGNS & !
    EQUIVAL5T ,,UEB SIGNS = !
    SAME LANGUAGE 9 ! SAME
    BOOK4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  .<F A TEXTBOOK T1*+
    ,SPANI%3.>
--------------------------#AIC
  ,TO 9DICATE PR(ES.N OR
    VOCA;N3
  ,CARLOS ,FUENTES ^1ES
    ESCRITOR4
    ,C>LOS ,FU5TES IS A WRIT]4
  ,YO ^1SOY M)SICO4
    ,I AM A MUSICIAN4
  ,T) ^1ERES DOCTORA4
    ,Y >E A DOCTOR4

  .<EXAMPLES 9 A TEXTBOOK T1*+
    ,FR5*3.>
  ,IL Y A DEUX CR!CHES EN
           #AC4F4D         #DG
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   A#AIC
    VILLE4
    ,"! >E TWO "D-C>E C5T]S 9
    ! C;Y4
  ,ILS SE SONT MARI=S IL Y A
    DEUX ANS4
    ,!Y GOT M>RI$ TWO YE>S
    AGO4

  .<F A TEXTBOOK T1*+ ,IGBO3.>
  ,X 0 DELICI\S4  ,[ T[R[ \T[4

  .<F A "WBOOK = *N LE>N+
    ,FR5*3.>
  ,ANSW] ! FOLL[+ "QS US+
    .7_8IL Y A 444 "<QUE">1 &A
    FA%T 444 "<QUE">1
    DEPUIS_0.' "<"S"TS "! >E
    S"EAL POSSIBILITIES">4
  ,IL Y A COMBIEN DE TEMPS QUE
    TU VAS DANS CE COLL!GE8
    "<DEUX ANS">


           #AC4F4D         #DH
        =EIGN LANGUAGE    #AID

  .<F ! GRAMM> SEC;N ( A
    ,SPANI%-,5GLI% DIC;N>Y3.>
  ,ASK+ ,"QS3
  5EST( AQU/ TU HERMANO5
    IS YR BRO!R "H8
  5EL AGUA EST( FR/A5
    IS ! WAT] COLD8
  T) LE DISTE EL DINERO1
    5VERDAD5
    Y GAVE HM ! M"OY1 DIDN'T
    Y8

  .<F A BIL+UAL1 ,5GLI% &
    ,FR5*1 GOV]N;T DOCU;T3.>
  ,MAKE ! C]TIFI$ *EQUE OR
    M"OY ORD] "<.7= ,LIC;E
    ,R5EWAL ,FEE ONLY.'">
    PAYABLE TO ! ,M9I/] (
    ,F9.E4
  .LIBELLEZ LE CH!QUE CERTIFI=
    OU LE MANDAT 73_CONCERNANT
    LE DROIT DE RENOUVELLEMENT
           #AC4F4D         #DI
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   A#AID
    DU PERMIS _SEULEMENT7 (
    L'ORDRE DU MINISTRE DES
    .FINANCES4

#AC4F4E ,LI/ ALL =EIGN CODE
    SIGNS US$ ON A PRELIM9>Y
    PAGE4
#AC4F4F ,USE =EIGN CODE
    3TRAC;NS1 I4E4 CATEGORY
    "<#F"> ABV1 ONLY = A
    LANGUAGE WRITT5 9 ,ROMAN
    SCRIPT : IS AL "O ( !
    (FICIAL LANGUAGES ( !
    C.TRY F : ! DOCU;T
    ORIG9ATES OR = : X IS
    REQUE/$4 ,H["E1 9 NO CASE
    IS ! USE ( =EIGN CODE
    3TRAC;NS M&ATORY4
--------------------------#AIE

    #AC4G ,CODE SWIT*
    9DICATORS
#AC4G4A ,CODE SWIT* 9DICATORS
           #AC4G4A         #EJ
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   A#AIE
  >E US$ TO 5CLOSE NON-,,UEB
  MAT]IAL1 9 ? CASE MAT]IAL
  US+ =EIGN CODE SIGNS4 ,D N
  USE ,,UEB SIGNS )9 CODE
  SWIT* 9DICATORS4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  .<F A TEXTBOOK T1*+
    ,GREEK3.>
  ,! UNEMPHATIC =MS1 "('MU1
    M[1 ME1,") >E 5CLITIC4

#AC4G4B ,:5 ! NATURE & EXT5T (
  ! 5CLOS$ MAT]IAL C 2 CLE>LY
  D$UC$ F =MATT+ OR O!R
  3TEXTUAL 3SID]A;NS1 Z :5
  P>ALLEL TEXTS 9 ,5GLI% &
  ANO!R LANGUAGE >E SET \ 9
  TABUL> =M OR :5 ! =EIGN
  LANGUAGE IS ID5TIFI$ BY A
  *ANGE ( TYPEFACE1 !N CODE
  SWIT* 9DICATORS MAY 2
  OMITT$4
           #AC4G4B         #EA
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   B#AIE

  ,EXAMPLE3
  .<F ! GRAMM> SEC;N ( A
    ,SPANI%-,5GLI% DIC;N>Y3.>
  ,NO >TICLE IS US$ AF ^1QU! &
    ^1VAYA 9 EXCLAMA;NS3
  ^;6QU! L(STIMA6  :AT A %AME

#AC4G4C ,IF ! MA9 BODY ( TEXT
  IS 9 A =EIGN LANGUAGE )
  O3A.NAL ^WS OR PASSAGES (
  ,5GLI% 9T]SP]S$1 E4G4 BY WAY
  ( COM;T>Y OR EXPLANA;N1 X IS
  RECOMM5D$ T ! FUNC;N ( !
  CODE SWIT* 9DICATORS %D 2
  REV]S$1 S T !Y 5CLOSE !
  ,,UEB MAT]IAL4 ,EXPLA9 ?
  REV]SAL 9 A TRANSCRIB]'S
  NOTE4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  .<,FR5*3.>
  .SOUVENT PR=C=D= D'UNE
           #AC4G4C         #EB
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   C#AIE
    CONJONCTION DE
    SUBORDINATION
--------------------------#AIF
    TELLE QUE 8QUAND01 8D!S
    QUE0 ^("<IMMLY">1
    8AUSSIT?T QUE04

    #AC4H ,MIX$-LANGUAGE
    LIT]ATURE
#AC4H4A ,= A LIT]>Y "W 9 :
  ,5GLI% & "O OR M O!R
  LANGUAGES >E 9T]SP]S$ FREELY
  ) NO TYPOGRAPHICAL OR O!R
  4T9C;N1 3SID] ! BRL CODES (
  ! LANGUAGES 9VOLV$ & ! ISSUE
  ( AMBIGU;Y 9 DET]M9+ :E!R TO
  USE ,,UEB 3TRAC;NS & H[ TO
  REPRES5T A35T$ LRS4 ,D N MIX
  ,,UEB SIGNS & =EIGN CODE
  SIGNS = ANY "PICUL> PR9T "*
  OR BRL 9DICATOR4
    .1,NOTE3 ,! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE
  IS A MIX ( ,5GLI% & ,SPANI%4
           #AC4H4A         #EC
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   A#AIF
  ,9 ? EXAMPLE1 =EIGN CODE
  SIGNS >E US$ = A35T$ LRS
  S9CE X IS EXPECT$ T R1D]S WD
  2 FAMILI> ) !M4 ,UNCONTRACT$
  BRL IS US$ TO AVOID
  AMBIGU;Y4 ,,UEB SIGNS >E US$
  = PUNCTUA;N & 9DICATORS4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  ,WE BEGIN TO WALK AWAY1
  RIGHT NEXT TO THE FOAM-
  FLECKED HORSES "<THEY SWEAT
  RIGHT DOWN TO THEIR HOOVES2
  RICO EL OLOR">4 ,NOS DAMOS
  CUENTA DE QUE LA PERSPECTIVA
  DESDE EL COMIENZO DE LA
  CARRERA ES1 SI CABE1 EVEN
  MORE THRILLING4 ,FROM HERE1
  WE CAN
--------------------------#AIG
  SENSE THE ANTICIPATION OF
  RIDERS AND THEIR MOUNTS2 THE
  HORSES TURN AND TWITCH1
           #AC4H4A         #ED
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   A#AIG
  RELUCTANT OR BORED1 Y LOS
  JINETES INTENTAN
  CONTENERLOS1 INSPIRARLOS4
  ,THEY TAKE OFF LIKE A SHOT1
  FOUR LEGS PUMPING TOGETHER1
  RIDER CROUCHED DOWN ON THE
  HAUNCHES AND THEN RISING UP1
  SOME OF THEM1 NEARLY
  VERTICAL4 ,ALGUNOS CABALLOS
  FUSTIGADOS TO WITHIN AN INCH
  OF THEIR LIVES1 IT SEEMS,-
  THWACK SE ESCUCHA EL CROP,-
  MIENTRAS OTROS RUN LIKE
  HELL1 SIMPLEMENTE PORQUE S/4
  ,NO L(TIGO REQUIRED4 .<FROM
  .1,KILLER .1,CR+NICAS BY
  ,SUSANA ,CH(VEZ-,SILVERMAN.>






           #AC4H4A         #EE
        =EIGN LANGUAGE   B#AIG























           #AC4H4A         #EF
                     #AIH-#AII

      ,SEC;N #AD3 ,CODE
           ,SWIT*+

      ,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS
.=^( NON-,,UEB ^W 9DICATOR
.=^) NON-,,UEB ^W T]M9ATOR
.="(' OP5+ NON-,,UEB PASSAGE
  9DICATOR
.=,") CLOS+ NON-,,UEB PASSAGE
  9DICATOR

    .1,NOTE3 ,! OP5+ NON-,,UEB
  PASSAGE 9DICATOR IS ACTUALLY
  TWO ,,UEB SYMBOLS3 .="(
  FOLL[$ BY .='

      ,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS =
      ,,IPA ,BRL
.="^( OP5+ ,,IPA BRACKET2 OP5+
  SQU>E BRACKET ) SWIT* F
  ,,UEB TO ,,IPA
.=^) CLOS+ ,,IPA BRACKET2
             #AD           #EG
         CODE SWIT*+     A#AII
  CLOS+ SQU>E BRACKET ) SWIT*
  F ,,IPA TO ,,UEB
.="^/ OP5+ ,,IPA SLA%2 OP5+
  SOLIDUS "<=W>D SLA%"> )
  SWIT* F ,,UEB TO ,,IPA
.=^/ CLOS+ ,,IPA SLA%2 CLOS+
  SOLIDUS "<=W>D SLA%"> )
  SWIT* F ,,IPA TO ,,UEB
.=";2 G5]AL OP5+ ,,IPA
  9DICATOR
.=;; G5]AL ,,IPA T]M9ATOR

    .1,NOTE3 ,! CLOS+ ,,IPA
  BRACKET1 ! CLOS+ ,,IPA SLA%
  & ! G5]AL ,,IPA T]M9ATOR >E
  ,,IPA 9DICATORS1 N ,,UEB
  9DICATORS4

      ,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS =
      MUSIC BRL
.=,' OP5+ MUSIC 9DICATOR :5
  FOLL[+ A SPACE
.=;2 MUSIC T]M9ATOR :5 FOLL[+
             #AD           #EH
         CODE SWIT*+     B#AII
  A SPACE

    .1,NOTE3 ,! MUSIC T]M9ATOR
  IS A MUSIC BRL 9DICATOR1 N A
  ,,UEB 9DICATOR4

      ,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS =
      ,NEME? ,CODE
.=_% OP5+ ,NEME? ,CODE
  9DICATOR FOLL[$ BY SPACE
.=_: ,NEME? ,CODE T]M9ATOR
  PREC$$ BY SPACE

    .1,NOTE3 ,! ,NEME? ,CODE
  T]M9ATOR IS A ,NEME? ,CODE
  9DICATOR1 N A ,,UEB
  9DICATOR4
--------------------------#BJJ

      ,NON-,,UEB SYMBOLS US$ 9
      ? SEC;N
.=G ,GREEK LR GAMMA
.=H ,GREEK R\< BR1?+ M>K
             #AD           #EI
         CODE SWIT*+     A#BJJ
.=I ,GREEK LR IOTA
.=L ,GREEK LR LAMBDA
.=N ,>ABIC LR NOON
.=O ,GREEK LR OMICRON
.=P ,GREEK LR PI
.=Q ,>ABIC LR QAF
.=U ,>ABIC DAMMA
.== ,FR5* ;E-ACUTE
.=( ,NEME? LEFT P>5!SIS
.=! ,FR5* ;E-GRAVE
.=! ,SPANI% ;E-ACUTE
.=) ,>ABIC LR TAH
.=) ,NEME? "R P>5!SIS
.=< ,FR5* ;E-CIRCUMFLEX
.=< ,,IPA OP5 O
.=< ,MUSIC FLAT SIGN
.=: ,,IPA E%
.=$ ,FR5* ;E-DIA]ESIS
.=$ ,,IPA 5G
.=] ,,IPA $H
.=] ,SPANI% ;N-TILDE
.=[ ,GREEK OMICRON IOTA
.=1 ,NEME? NUM]AL #A
             #AD           #FJ
         CODE SWIT*+     B#BJJ
.=2 ,NEME? NUM]AL #B
.=3 ,>ABIC SUKUN
.=3 ,,IPA L5G? M>K
.=3 ,NEME? NUM]AL #C
.=3O ,BRITI% ,*EMI/RY "R >R[
.=4 ,BRITI% ,*EMI/RY SUBSCRIPT
  NUM]AL #D
.=4 ,NEME? NUM]AL #D
--------------------------#BJA
.=5 ,,IPA S*WA
.=5 ,SPANI% "Q M>K
.=6R ,,IPA FI%-HOOK ;R
.=7 ,NEME? NUM]AL #G
.=0 ,NEME? NUM]AL #J
.=/ ,,IPA SMALL CAPITAL I
.=+ ,NEME? PLUS
.=+ ,SPANI% O-ACUTE
.=# ,,IPA TURN$ ;R
.=#D4 ,MUSIC F\R-F\R "T
  SIGNATURE
.=> ,G]MAN A-UMLAUT
.=- ,NEME? M9US
.=@8 ,,IPA W$GE ABV
             #AD           #FA
         CODE SWIT*+     A#BJA
.=^ ,NEME? SUP]SCRIPT 9DICATOR
.=_B ,,IPA V]TICAL /ROKE
  "<SUP]IOR">
.=_& ,,BANA ,COMPUT] ,BRL
  ,CODE 3T9UA;N 9DICATOR
.=_: ,,BANA ,COMPUT] ,BRL
  ,CODE 5D ,COMPUT] ,BRL ,CODE
.=_2 ,,IPA V]TICAL /ROKE
  "<9F]IOR">
.=_> ,,BANA ,COMPUT] ,BRL
  ,CODE CAPS LOCK 9DICATOR
.=" ,BRITI% ,*EMI/RY TWO LR
  *EMICAL ELE;T SIGN
.=" ,NEME? BASEL9E 9DICATOR
.=. ,FR5* CAPITAL SIGN
.=.K ,NEME? EQUALS
.=.? ,,IPA !TA
.=;E ,AFRIKAANS ;E-DIA]ESIS
.=;6 ,BRITI% ,*EMI/RY PLUS
.=, ,NEME? MA!MATICAL COMMA



             #AD           #FB
         CODE SWIT*+     B#BJA

    #AD4A ,PURPOSE ( CODE
    SWIT*+
#AD4A4A ,! PURPOSE ( CODE
    SWIT*+ IS TO 9DICATE TEXT
    : IS TRANSCRIB$ 9 A BRL
    CODE O!R ?AN ,,UEB4 ,? MAY
    9CLUDE3
--------------------------#BJB
  _4 BRL CODES = LANGUAGES O!R
    ?AN ,5GLI%1 S* Z
    ,AFRIKAANS1 ,FR5*1 ,G]MAN1
    ,SPANI%1 ,VIETNAMESE
  _4 .7,,IPA ,BRL3 ,AN ,UPDAT$
    ,TACTILE ,REPRES5TA;N ( !
    ,9T]NA;NAL ,PHONETIC
    ,ALPHABET.' .<SEE #AD4D.>
  _4 .7,NEW ,9T]NA;NAL ,MANUAL
    ( ,BRL ,MUSIC ,NOTA;N.'
    .<SEE #AD4E.>
  _4 .7,! ,NEME? ,BRL ,CODE =
    ,MA!MATICS & ,SCI;E
    ,NOTA;N.' .<SEE #AD4F.>
           #AD4A4A         #FC
         CODE SWIT*+     A#BJB
  _4 O!R NON-,,UEB BRL CODES =
    SUBJECTS S* Z MA!MATICS1
    *EMI/RY1 COMPUT] SCI;E
    "<ASSUM+ ! TRANSCRIB] HAS
    A SPECIAL R1SON = SWIT*+1
    : 9 G5]AL IS N NEC 9
    ,,UEB">
  _4 HI/ORICAL BRL CODES
  _4 PROPOS$ BRL CODES

    #AD4B ,:5 TO USE CODE
    SWIT*+ 9DICATORS
#AD4B4A ,:5 A TEXT IS TO 2 R1D
  9 H>DCOPY BRL1 D N USE CODE
  SWIT*+ 9DICATORS :5 ! NATURE
  & EXT5T ( ! NON-,,UEB TEXT C
  2 DET]M9$ BY ! 3TEXT OR
  =MAT4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  .<,SPANI% 9 COLUMN =MAT3.>
  
  
           #AD4B4A         #FD
         CODE SWIT*+     B#BJB
  PENSI+N COMPLETA  FULL BO>D
  5PUEDO VERLO5     MAY ,I SEE
                      X8
  BA]O COMPARTIDO   PRIVATE
                      BA?

  .<BOLDFACE US$ ONLY =
    ,SPANI%3.>
  ,NO >TICLE IS US$ AF ^1QU! &
    ^1VAYA 9 EXCLAMA;NS4

#AD4B4B ,9 SITUA;NS ": CODE
  SWIT*+ 9DICATORS >E N US$1
  5SURE T ! =MAT OR POSI;N ( !
  NON-,,UEB MAT]IAL IS CLE> TO
  ! R1D]4 ,(T5 ! TEXT XF W
  MAKE X OBVI\S1 = EXAMPLE3 :5
  ! 9TRODUC;N ( A BIL+UAL
  DIC;N>Y EXPLA9S T ! 5TRY ^W
  9 ,FR5* IS FOLL[$ BY XS
  PRONUNCIA;N 9 ,,IPA2 :5 !
  TEXT HAS

           #AD4B4B         #FE
         CODE SWIT*+      #BJC
  TWO COLUMNS H1D$ 8,SPANI%0 &
  8,5GLI%02 OR :5 ! TEXT /ATES
  T ! ^WS 9 ,G]MAN >E 9 BOLD4
  ,IF ! TEXT DOES N EXPLICITLY
  DRAW ATT5;N TO ! NON-,,UEB
  MAT]IAL1 USE A TRANSCRIB]'S
  NOTE TO EXPLA9 ! =MAT OR
  POSI;N ( NON-,,UEB BRL
  CODES4
#AD4B4C ,USE CODE SWIT*+
  9DICATORS = NON-,,UEB
  MAT]IAL :5 WRIT+ BRL T W 2
  TRANSLAT$ 9TO PR9T OR ":
  3TEXT & =MAT CUES >E N
  OBVI\S OR M1N+;L1 = EXAMPLE
  :5 A FILE W 2 R1D
  ELECTRONICALLY4
#AD4B4D ,USE CODE SWIT*+
  9DICATORS :5 ! NON-,,UEB BRL
  WD 2 AMBIGU\S & :5 ! NATURE
  & EXT5T ( ! NON-,,UEB TEXT
  _C 2 DET]M9$ BY ! 3TEXT OR
  =MAT4
           #AD4B4D         #FF
         CODE SWIT*+     A#BJC

  ,EXAMPLE3
  .<QUOTES N LIMIT$ TO
    ,FR5*3.>
  ^(8.PEUT-<TRE0 HAS AN
    ALT]NATE EXPRES.N1
    ^(8PEUT-<TRE ^(QUE04

#AD4B4E ,:5 CODE SWIT*+
  9DICATORS ) ID5TIFI]S >E
  US$1 EXPLA9 !M EI ON A
  SPECIAL SYMBOLS PAGE OR 9 A
  TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE POSI;N$ 2F
  ! A6ECT$ MAT]IAL4 .<,SEE
  #AD4C4C4.>

    #AD4C ,H[ TO USE CODE
    SWIT*+ 9DICATORS
    .7,REF] TO.'3 #AD4D = CODE
  SWIT*+ 9DICATORS = ,,IPA
  ,BRL1 TO #AD4E = CODE SWIT*+
  9DICATORS = MUSIC BRL & TO
  #AD4F = CODE SWIT*+
            #AD4C          #FG
         CODE SWIT*+     B#BJC
  9DICATORS = ,NEME? ,CODE4
#AD4C4A ,PLACE ! NON-,,UEB ^W
  9DICATOR IMMLY PREC$+ !
  SYMBOLS-SEQU;E TO : X
  APPLIES4 ,XS E6ECT IS
  T]M9AT$ BY ! NEXT SPACE OR
  BY ! NEXT NON-,,UEB ^W
  T]M9ATOR4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  .<,>ABIC3.>
  ,! ^W 8COTTON0 IS D]IV$ F !
    ,>ABIC ^(QU)3N "<QUTN">4
--------------------------#BJD

  .<,G]MAN3.>
  "<,= 8AL;GSIDE (0 USE
    ^(8L>NGS0^)4">

#AD4C4B ,USE ! NON-,,UEB
  PASSAGE 9DICATORS :5 "! >E
  ?REE OR M SYMBOLS-SEQU;ES 9
  ! NON-,,UEB BRL CODE4 ,!
           #AD4C4B         #FH
         CODE SWIT*+     A#BJD
  E6ECT ( A NON-,,UEB PASSAGE
  9DICATOR 3T9UES UNTIL !
  CLOS+ NON-,,UEB PASSAGE
  9DICATOR4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  .<,FR5*3.>
  ,NOTE ! USE ( "('=1 !1 <1,")
    & ^($4

#AD4C4C ,:5 M ?AN "O NON-,,UEB
  BRL CODE IS US$ 9 A "PICUL>
  TEXT & X IS N OBVI\S : "O IS
  9T5D$1 MODIFY ! OP5+ NON-
  ,,UEB PASSAGE 9DICATOR BY
  AUG;T+ X ) AN ID5TIFI]4 ,2F
  ! DOT #C1 9S]T A %ORT1
  MNEMONIC SEQU;E ( LRS "<NO
  3TRAC;NS"> : IS UNIQUE )9 !
  TEXT4 ,! TRANSCRIB] DET]M9ES
  ! A2REVIA;NS US$4 ,REF] TO
  ,,ISO ,/&>D #FCI-#C "<ON !
  WEBSITE ( ,,SIL ,9T]NA;NAL1
           #AD4C4C         #FI
         CODE SWIT*+     B#BJD
  WWW4SIL4ORG_/,,ISO#FCI-"
  #C_/CODES4ASP"> = A LI/ (
  TWO- & ?REE-LR DESIGNA;NS =
  LANGUAGES4

  ,EXAMPLES ( COMMONLY-US$
    LANGUAGES3
  ,AFRIKAANS "(AF'
  ,FR5* "(FR'
  ,G]MAN "(DE'
  ,GREEK "<,9T]NA;NAL"> "(GR'
  ,GREEK "<,MOD]N"> "(EL'
  ,9DONESIAN "(ID'
  ,ITALIAN "(IT'
  ,JAPANESE "(JA'
  ,NOR!RN ,SO?O "<,P$I1
    ,SEP$I"> "(NSO'
  ,SPANI% "(ES'
--------------------------#BJE
  ,TSWANA "(TN'
  ,V5DA "(VE'

#AD4C4D ,ID5TIFI]S >E N US$ )
           #AD4C4D         #GJ
         CODE SWIT*+     A#BJE
  ! NON-,,UEB .1^W 9DICATOR4
  ,IF AN ID5TIFI] IS REQUIR$1
  USE ! OP5+ & CLOS+ NON-,,UEB
  .1PASSAGE 9DICATORS1 EV5 IF
  X IS ONLY = "O SYMBOLS-
  SEQU;E4
#AD4C4E ,:5 M ?AN "O NON-,,UEB
  BRL CODE IS US$ 9 A TEXT1
  USE A NON-,,UEB 9DICATOR )\T
  AN ID5TIFI] ONLY :5 XS M1N+
  IS OBVI\S OR :5 X REF]S TO !
  SAME CODE Z ! NEXT PREVI\S
  NON-,,UEB PASSAGE )9 !
  P>AGRAPH4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  .<,GREEK ) O!R NON-,,UEB
    CODES US$ ELSE":3.>
  ,P]ICLES PRAIS$ GOV]N;T BY !
    _M "<"(GR'H[ POLL[,")"> R
    ?AN BY ! PRIVILEG$ FEW
    "<^(H[ ^(OLIG[^)">4

           #AD4C4E         #GA
         CODE SWIT*+     B#BJE

#AD4C4F ,CLOSE ANY NON-,,UEB
  PASSAGE 2F OP5+ ANO!R NON-
  ,,UEB PASSAGE4 ,9 O!R ^WS1
  RETURN TO ,,UEB F/ EV5 IF
  ANO!R NON-,,UEB PASSAGE W
  />T IMMLY4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  .<,5GLI%1 ,AFRIKAANS1
    ,G]MAN3.>
  ,! SPE$ LIMIT ON ALL HI<WAYS
    IS #ABJ KILOMETRES P] H\R4
  "(AF',DIE SPOEDGRENS OP ALLE
    SNELWE;E IS #ABJ
    KILOMETERS PER UUR4,")
--------------------------#BJF
  "(DE',DIE ,GESCHWINDIGKEITS-
    BEGRENZUNG AUF ALLEN
    ,AUTOBAHNEN BETR>GT #ABJ
    ,KILOMETER PRO ,STUNDE4,")

#AD4C4G ,:5 ! NON-,,UEB TEXT
           #AD4C4G         #GB
         CODE SWIT*+     A#BJF
  IS 4PLAY$ ON "O OR M L9ES
  SEP>ATE F ! ,,UEB TEXT1 !
  OP5+ & CLOS+ NON-,,UEB
  PASSAGE 9DICATORS MAY EA* 2
  PLAC$ ON A L9E BY XF4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  .<,BRITI% ,*EMI/RY ,CODE4 ,?
    EXAMPLE ASSUMES !
    TRANSCRIB] HAS A SPECIAL
    R1SON = SWIT*+ TO ? CODE =
    *EMICAL NOTA;N1 : 9 G5]AL
    IS N NEC 9 ,,UEB4.>
  "('
  "CUSO4 ;6"ZN 3O "ZNSO4 ;6"CU
  ,")

#AD4C4H ,EXCEPT 9 ! PREVI\S
  9/.E1 PLACE NON-,,UEB
  9DICATORS AT ! EXACT PO9T (
  *ANGE F ,,UEB TO NON-,,UEB &
  BACK1 UNSPAC$ F ! SYMBOLS-
  SEQU;E"<S"> : !Y PREC$E OR
           #AD4C4H         #GC
         CODE SWIT*+     B#BJF
  5CLOSE4 ,T IS1 D N 9S]T
  SPACES : >E N ALR PRES5T 9 !
  TEXT4
#AD4C4I ,:5 A NON-,,UEB CODE
  PROVIDES A SYMBOL = SWIT*+ \
  ( T CODE1 USE T SYMBOL 9
  PREF];E TO ! NON-,,UEB ^W
  T]M9ATOR OR ! CLOS+ NON-
  ,,UEB PASSAGE 9DICATOR4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  .<,,BANA ,COMPUT] ,BRL
    ,CODE4 ,? EXAMPLE ASSUMES
    ! TRANSCRIB] HAS A SPECIAL
    R1SON = SWIT*+ TO ? CODE =
    COMPUT] NOTA;N1 : 9 G5]AL
    IS N NEC 9 ,,UEB4.>
  ,! MACRO COMM& W *ANGE ALL
    O3URR;ES ( ^(_>ROM TO
    ^(_>RAM_:1 RESULT+ IN3
    "('_>WHEN _>IN _>RAME _&
    _>DO _>AS _>THE _&
    _>RAMANS _>DO_:1444
           #AD4C4I         #GD
         CODE SWIT*+      #BJG

#AD4C4AJ ,9 ! R>E 9/.E ": !
  CLOS+ NON-,,UEB PASSAGE
  9DICATOR CD R1LI/ICALLY 2
  MISR1D Z A SYMBOL )9 ! NON-
  ,,UEB CODE1 9/1D USE AN OP5+
  NON-,,UEB PASSAGE 9DICATOR
  AUG;T$ ) ! ID5TIFI] 8EN0 "<=
  ,5GLI%"> TO 9DICATE T ,,UEB
  IS RESUM+4 ,IF EV5 ? WD 2
  MISR1D1 ! TRANSCRIB] MAY
  DEVISE A SAFE 9DICATOR TO
  RESUME ,,UEB4

    #AD4D ,,IPA ,BRL )9 ,,UEB
    TEXT
    .1,REF] .1TO3 #D4D = ! 5G
  & S*WA :5 N US$ 9 PHONETIC
  OR PHONEMIC MAT]IAL4
#AD4D4A ,TRANSCRIBE PHONETIC &
  PHONEMIC MAT]IAL AC TO !
  PROVI.NS ( .7,,IPA ,BRL3 ,AN
  ,UPDAT$ ,TACTILE
           #AD4D4A         #GE
         CODE SWIT*+     A#BJG
  ,REPRES5TA;N ( ! ,9T]NA;NAL
  ,PHONETIC ,ALPHABET4.' ,!
  FOLL[+ SEC;NS PROVIDE =
  SWIT*+ 2T ,,UEB & ,,IPA
  ,BRL4
#AD4D4B ,G5]ALLY PHONETIC
  MAT]IAL )9 A TEXT IS
  ID5TIFI$ 9 PR9T BY 2+ 5CLOS$
  9 SQU>E BRACKETS4 ,USE !
  OP5+ ,,IPA BRACKET & CLOS+
  ,,IPA BRACKET4 ,! E6ECT ( !
  OP5+ ,,IPA BRACKET IS
  T]M9AT$ ONLY BY ! CLOS+
  ,,IPA BRACKET & N BY A
  SPACE4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  ,L[ V[ELS 2CAME MID V[ELS
    "^(A3^) TO "^(E3^) Z 9
    "^(NA3M5^) TO "^(NE3M^)
    .1"N4

#AD4D4C ,PHONEMIC MAT]IAL )9 A
           #AD4D4C         #GF
         CODE SWIT*+     B#BJG
  TEXT IS NORMALLY 5CLOS$ 9
  SOLIDI "<=W>D SLA%ES"> 9
  PR9T4 ,USE ! OP5+ ,,IPA SLA%
  & ! CLOS+ ,,IPA SLA%4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  ,PRON\NCE "^/L^/ & "^/R^/ Z
    DESCRIB$ ABV4

--------------------------#BJH
#AD4D4D ,:5 ,,IPA ,BRL & "O
  O!R NON-,,UEB BRL CODE >E
  US$ 9 A TEXT1 !N NON-,,UEB
  9DICATORS C 2 US$ )\T
  ID5TIFI]S = ! O!R NON-,,UEB
  BRL CODE4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  .<,,IPA & ,FR5*3.>
  ,PRACTICE ! S.D "^(E^) Z 9
    ^(TH= "^(TE^) & ^(M=LODIE
    "^(MEL<_BDI^)4

           #AD4D4D         #GG
         CODE SWIT*+     A#BJH

#AD4D4E ,:5 PR9T DOES N USE
  SQU>E BRACKETS OR SOLIDI
  "<=W>D SLA%ES"> TO ID5TIFY
  ,,IPA MAT]IAL1 & :5 ! NATURE
  & EXT5T ( ! MAT]IAL _C 2
  DET]M9$ BY 3TEXT OR =MAT1 !N
  USE ! G5]AL OP5+ ,,IPA
  9DICATOR & ! G5]AL ,,IPA
  T]M9ATOR TO 5CLOSE ! ,,IPA
  MAT]IAL4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  ,F9D ! SYMBOLS ";2C@81 51
    :;; 9 ! *>T4

#AD4D4F ,TO TEMPOR>ILY SWIT* F
  ,,IPA ,BRL TO ,,UEB1 USE !
  G5]AL ,,IPA T]M9ATOR &
  RETURN TO ,,IPA ,BRL ) !
  G5]AL OP5+ ,,IPA 9DICATOR4


           #AD4D4F         #GH
         CODE SWIT*+     B#BJH

  ,EXAMPLE3
  "^(]5 _BN<#.? _2W/ND;;
    "<G>BL$ SEC;N">
    ";2D/S_BPJU6R/$^)

    #AD4E ,MUSIC BRL )9 ,,UEB
    TEXT
    .1,REF] .1TO3 #C4AH = !
  NATURAL1 FLAT OR %>P :5 US$
  )9 ,,UEB TEXT & N )9 MUSICAL
  NOTA;N4
#AD4E4A ,TRANSCRIBE MUSIC AC
  TO ! PROVI.NS ( .7,NEW
  ,9T]NA;NAL ,MANUAL ( ,BRL
  ,MUSIC ,NOTA;N4.' ,FOLL[ XS
  PROVI.NS TO DET]M9E :5
  9DICATORS >E NE$$ TO SWIT*
  2T ,,UEB & MUSIC BRL4
--------------------------#BJI
#AD4E4B ,TO SWIT* F ,,UEB TO
  MUSIC BRL :5 AN 9DICATOR IS
  NEC1 L1VE A SPACE & PLACE !
           #AD4E4B         #GI
         CODE SWIT*+     A#BJI
  OP5+ MUSIC 9DICATOR IMMLY 2F
  ! MUSICAL NOTA;N4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  ,! KEY SIGNATURE IS ,'<<<

#AD4E4C ,FOLL[ ! PROVI.NS (
  .7,NEW ,9T]NA;NAL ,MANUAL (
  ,BRL ,MUSIC ,NOTA;N.' =
  RETURN+ TO ,,UEB F MUSIC
  BRL4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  ,'#D4 ;2IS ! "T SIGNATURE4

    #AD4F ,NEME? ,CODE )9
    ,,UEB TEXT
#AD4F4A ,:5 TE*NICAL MAT]IAL
  IS TRANSCRIB$ AC TO !
  PROVI.NS ( .7,! ,NEME? ,BRL
  ,CODE = ,MA!MATICS & ,SCI;E
  ,NOTA;N.' )9 ,,UEB TEXT1 !
  FOLL[+ SEC;NS PROVIDE =
           #AD4F4A         #HJ
         CODE SWIT*+     B#BJI
  SWIT*+ 2T ,,UEB & ,NEME?
  ,CODE4
#AD4F4B ,PLACE ! OP5+ ,NEME?
  ,CODE 9DICATOR FOLL[$ BY
  SPACE 2F ! SEQU;E TO : X
  APPLIES4 ,XS E6ECT IS
  T]M9AT$ BY ! ,NEME? ,CODE
  T]M9ATOR PREC$$ BY SPACE4
    .1,NOTE3 ,! SPACES REQUIR$
  ) ! 9DICATOR & T]M9ATOR D N
  REPRES5T SPACES 9 PR9T4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  ,! RESULT W 2 9 ! =M _%
    (AX+BY)(CX+DY) _:1 ": _%
    AC .K #12, BD .K -#10 _:1
    & _% AD+BC .K #7 _:4
  ,HE SD1 8_% #4X+3Y _: IS !
    NUM]ATOR40

--------------------------#BAJ
#AD4F4C ,:5 ! ,NEME? ,CODE
  TEXT IS 4PLAY$ ON "O OR M
           #AD4F4C         #HA
         CODE SWIT*+     A#BAJ
  L9ES SEP>ATE F ! ,,UEB TEXT1
  ! OP5+ ,NEME? ,CODE 9DICATOR
  & ! ,NEME? ,CODE T]M9ATOR
  MAY EA* 2 PLAC$ ON A L9E BY
  XF4

  ,EXAMPLE3
    .1,SOLU;N4 ,AG WE GR\P !
  F/ TWO T]MS & ! LA/ TWO
  T]MS4
  _%
    #4X^3"-12X^2"-X+3
      .K #4X^2"(X-3)-(X-3)
      .K (X-3)(4X^2"-1)
      .K (X-3)(2X+1)(2X-1)
  _:







           #AD4F4C         #HB
                          #BAA

     ,SEC;N #AE3 ,SCAN.N1
        ,/RESS & ,T"O

    #AE4A ,SCAN.N1 ,L9E ,M>K+
.=_ L9E 9DICATOR
.=_\ V]TICAL L9E
.=_\_\ D\BLE V]TICAL L9E
.=_/ SOLIDUS "<=W>D SLA%">
.=_/_/ D\BLE SOLIDUS

#AE4A4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! FOOT
  SIGN & ! CAESURA TO M>K !
  PAUSES 9 SPEE*1 Z 9 SCANN+
  POETRY4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  .1,TO ,,2 _/ .1OR ,,N .1TO
    .1BE1 _/_/ ,,T _/ .1IS .1!
    ,,QUE/.1ION4
  ,TO ]R IS HUMAN2 _\_\ TO
    =GIVE1 DIV9E4

           #AE4A4A         #HC
        SCAN.N1 /RESS    A#BAA

#AE4A4B ,:5 ! L9E BY L9E =MAT
  ( PR9T "<Z 9 A POEM"> IS
  *ANG$ TO A L9E> =MAT 9 BRL1
  USE ! L9E 9DICATOR TO M>K !
  BR1KS 2T L9ES4 ,! L9E
  9DICATOR IS UNSPAC$ F !
  PREC$+ L9E & IS FOLL[$ BY
  SPACE 2F ! FOLL[+ L9E4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  ,ROSE KISS$ ME TO-"D1,-_
    .1,W %E KISS ME TO-MORR[8
  ,-,AU/9 ,DOBSON
--------------------------#BAB

  ,A MAD K+FI%]_ ROCKET+ AB 9
    !_ R$ FOG AT SUNRISE
  ,-,MALCOLM ,L[RY

    #AE4B ,/RESS
.=^.B PRIM>Y /RESS SIGN
.=^.2 SECOND>Y /RESS SIGN
            #AE4B          #HD
        SCAN.N1 /RESS    A#BAB

#AE4B4A ,FOLL[ PR9T :5
  CAPITALS1 LR MODIFI]S1 *ANGE
  ( TYPEFACE &_/OR SYMBOLS
  WRITT5 ON ! L9E ABV >E US$
  TO 9DICATE /RESS EI 9 !
  SYLLABLES ( A ^W OR 9 ! ^WS
  9 A PHRASE1 S5T;E OR POEM4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  OR_/GAN_/I_/,,ZA_/TION

  H^/OT BR^/EA? ON MY
    ^/ANKLES1
  ,-,EZRA ,P.D

  ,@-OV@+ER ?@+E _/ S@-EA1
    P@-A/ _/ ,CR@-ETE1 _/_/
    @+ON ?@+E _/ ,S@-YR@+I@+AN
    _/ %@-ORE 444
  ,-,*>LES ,K+SLEY

  C^*OUNT]9T^/ELLIG;E
           #AE4B4A         #HE
        SCAN.N1 /RESS     #BAC

  COMM]CIAL .<K_5 ^1M^%UR
    %_5L.>

  ;X  _/   ;X   _/  ;X _/ ;X
  ,B S(T6 ,:AT LI<T "? YOND]
    _/;X   _/
    W9D[ BR1KS8

  ,DIAGRAM ( POETIC METRE3
  4-4-_/44--_/4-4-_/44-

#AE4B4B ,:5 PR9T USES M>KS 2F
  OR AF A SYLLABLE TO 9DICATE
  X IS /RESS$1 USE ! PRIM>Y &
  SECOND>Y /RESS SIGNS & FOLL[
  PR9T PLACE;T4 ,DESCRIBE :AT
  PR9T SIGN IS US$ ON !
  SYMBOLS PAGE OR 9 A
  TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE4
    .1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N
  #C4AA1 ,G5]AL ,SYMBOLS &
  ,9DICATORS1 = ! PRIME SIGN
           #AE4B4B         #HF
        SCAN.N1 /RESS    A#BAC
  US$ = FEET & M9UTES2 & TO
  .7,GUIDEL9ES = ,TE*NICAL
  ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P #AA = !
  PRIME SIGN US$ 9 TE*NICAL
  MAT]IAL4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  AP^.2 RI H5^.B %_5N
    "<APPREH5.N">
    .<,! F/ /RESS M>K IS A
    PRIME "<OR A35T"> & !
    SECOND IS A BOLD PRIME4.>
  ^.2KOMBI^.BNE%N "<COMB9A;N">
    .<,! F/ /RESS M>K IS A L[
    V]TICAL L9E & ! SECOND IS
    A HI< V]TICAL L9E4.>
--------------------------#BAD
  MET^.2_5 M^%OR^.BF_5 SIS
  "<MET A MOR PHO SIS">
    .<,! F/ /RESS M>K IS A
    PRIME & ! SECOND IS A
    D\BLE PRIME4.>
  ^.B_1,?IS /A;N _\ IS
           #AE4B4B         #HG
             T"O         A#BAD
    ^.B_2,OVAL4
    .<,! /RESS M>KS >E HI<
    V]TICAL M>KS4.>

    #AE4C ,T"O
.=^.C HI< T"O
.=^.3 MID T"O
.=^.- L[ T"O
.=^.I HI< RIS+
.=^.9 L[ RIS+
.=^.E HI< FALL+
.=^.5 L[ FALL+
.=^.D GLOBAL RISE
.=^.0 GLOBAL FALL
.=^.* RISE-FALL
.=^./ FALL-RISE
.=^.! D[N /EP
.=^.$ UP /EP

#AE4C4A ,FOLL[ PR9T :5
  CAPITALS & *ANGE ( TYPEFACE
  >E US$ TO 9DICATE TONAL
  PATT]NS ( SPEE*1 Z 9 TEXTS =
           #AE4C4A         #HH
             T"O         B#BAD
  LE>N]S ( ,5GLI% Z A SECOND
  LANGUAGE4
#AE4C4B ,= O!R MODES ( 9DICAT+
  T"O1 9CLUD+ >R[S & POSI;N1
  USE ! T"O SYMBOLS 9 ? SEC;N4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  .<,*ANGE ( T"O IS 9DICAT$ )
    AN >R[ 2F A ^W4.>
--------------------------#BAE
  ^.0,LHOTE 0 ! ^.9L1D]4
  ,"! 0 A ^.0S&/ORM1 ^./F/ (
    ALL4

  .<,*ANGE ( T"O IS 9DICAT$ BY
    A *ANGE ( LEVEL & AL )
    >R[S4 ,! BULLET 2F A ^W 9
    BRL REPRES5TS A BULLET "U
    ! ^W 9 PR9T4.>
  ,DOES ^.$ _4,ANY"O ^.!
    _4,,"H ^.! _4,,HAVE A ^.$
    _4,,WAT*8 ^.$

            #E4C4B         #HI
             T"O         A#BAE

  .<,! /RESS M>KS >E HI<
    V]TICAL M>KS4 ,! F/ T"O
    M>K IS A L[ LEFT-L1N+ M>K
    & ! SECOND IS A HI< "R-
    L1N+ M>K4.>
  ^.B,ALAN'S N ^.5_1"H4
  ,HE'S ^.BG"O ^.I_1HOME8

    #AE4D ,PHONETIC SCAN.N1
    /RESS & T"O
#AE4D4A ,:5 SCAN.N1 /RESS &
  T"O >E %[N ) ! ,9T]NA;NAL
  ,PHONETIC ,ALPHABET1 USE !
  MO/ REC5T $I;N ( .7,,IPA
  ,BRL3 ,AN ,UPDAT$ ,TACTILE
  ,REPRES5TA;N ( ! ,9T]NA;NAL
  ,PHONETIC ,ALPHABET4.'





           #AE4D4A         #IJ
                     #BAF-#BAG

   ,SEC;N #AF3 ,L9E ,MODE1
         ,GUIDE ,DOTS

    #AF4A ,:5 TO USE L9E MODE
#AF4A4A ,USE L9E MODE :5 X IS
  ADVANTAGE\S TO DRAW 8L9ES0
  US+ /&>D BRL CELLS4 ,L9E
  MODE 5ABLES REGUL> TEXT &
  DIAGRAMMATIC L9ES TO COEXI/
  )\T AMBIGU;Y1 EV5 )9 ! SAME
  DIAGRAM4
    .1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #G1
  ,PUNCTUA;N1 = ! HYPH51 DA%1
  L;G DA% & L[ L9E2
  .7,GUIDEL9ES = ,TE*NICAL
  ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P #D1 = ! L9ES
  9 SPATIAL CALCULA;NS & O!R
  TE*NICAL DIAGRAMS2 & ,"P
  #AF4G1 = ! L9ES & BONDS 9
  /RUCTURAL =MULAE US$ 9
  *EMI/RY4
#AF4A4B ,USE L9E MODE =
           #AF4A4B         #IA
           L9E MODE      A#BAG
  F1TURES S* Z L9ES SEP>AT+
  COLUMN H1D+S F ITEMS 9 !
  COLUMN & = HORIZONTAL L9ES
  2F & AF TEXT SET A"P 9
  BOXES4
#AF4A4C ,D N USE L9E MODE :5 !
  ATTRIBUTES ( ! L9ES OR _!
  RELA;N%IP ) "O ANO!R IS
  IMPORTANT1 S* Z 9 ! /UDY (
  GEOMETRY OR ! M1SURE;T (
  ANGLES4
#AF4A4D ,D N USE L9E MODE :5 !
  DIAGRAM WD 2 TOO COMPLEX TO
  2 R1D BY T\*4
#AF4A4E ,": ! TE*NOLOGY IS
  AVAILABLE1 X IS (T5 BETT] TO
  REPRES5T L9ES 9 DIAGRAMS )
  TACTILE GRAPHICS4

    #AF4B ,HORIZONTAL L9E MODE
.="3 HORIZONTAL L9E MODE
  9DICATOR
.=3 SIMPLE "<SOLID S+LE">
            #AF4B          #IB
           L9E MODE      B#BAG
  HORIZONTAL L9E SEG;T
.=1 V>IANT HORIZONTAL L9E
  SEG;T "<E4G4 DOTT$ OR DA%$">
.=7 D\BLE HORIZONTAL L9E SEG;T
.== TRIPLE HORIZONTAL L9E
  SEG;T
.=J CORN] ) UPW>D V]TICAL
.=4 CORN] ) D[NW>D V]TICAL
.=< CROSS+ ) LEFT-L1N+
  DIAGONAL L9E
.=W CROSS+ ) V]TICAL L9E
.=> CROSS+ ) "R-L1N+ DIAGONAL
  L9E
.=' HORIZONTAL L9E MODE
  T]M9ATOR

--------------------------#BAH
#AF4B4A ,USE ! HORIZONTAL L9E
  MODE 9DICATOR TO OP5 ANY
  HORIZONTAL L9E4
#AF4B4B ,)9 HORIZONTAL L9E
  MODE1 USE ! APPROPRIATE
  HORIZONTAL L9E SEG;TS1
           #AF4B4B         #IC
           L9E MODE      A#BAH
  CORN]S &_/OR CROSS+S TO
  REPRES5T ! L9E4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  .<A SOLID S+LE HORIZONTAL
    L9E3.>

  "3333333333333333

  .<A DA%$ HORIZONTAL L9E3.>

  "3111111

  .<A TRIPLE HORIZONTAL L9E3.>

  "3=================

  .<A L9E ) AN UPW>D PO9T+
    CORN] MIDWAY & A D[NW>D
    PO9T+ CORN] AT ! "R 5D3.>

  "3333J33334

           #AF4B4B         #ID
           L9E MODE      B#BAH

  .<A L9E ) A V]TICAL
    CROSS+3.>

  "333333W3333333

  .<A L9E ) BO? A LEFT-L1N+
    CROSS+ & A "R-L1N+
    CROSS+3.>

  "3<33333333>333333

--------------------------#BAI
  .<HORIZONTAL L9ES ON A BAL.E
    %EET3.>

  ,9COME """"  #HFE4GC
  ,EXP5DITURE  #GJJ4DA
               "333333
  ,BAL.E """"  #AFE4CB
               "377777

  .<HORIZONTAL L9ES FOLL[+
           #AF4B4B         #IE
           L9E MODE      A#BAI
    COLUMN H1D+S 9 A TABLE3.>

         #A        #B
         "3333333  "33333
         ;X   ;Y   ;X  ;Y
         "33  "33  "3  "3
  MODE   #G   #AB  #E  #G
  M$IAN  #I   #AA  #F  #G
  M1N    #AJ  #AJ  #F  #H

#AF4B4C ,:5 AN >R[ IS 3T9U\S )
  ! L9E1 USE ! >R[ 9DICATOR
  .=\ TO SIGNAL ! 2G9N+ ( !
  >R[4 ,USE ! SYMBOLS ( >R[
  MODE TO REPRES5T ! >R[4 ,^U
  COMPLE;N ( ! >R[1 HORIZONTAL
  L9E MODE 3T9UES4
--------------------------#BBJ
    .7,REF] TO3 ,GUIDEL9ES =
  ,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P
  #AC1 = RULES ON 3/RUCT+
  >R[S4

           #AF4B4C         #IF
           L9E MODE      A#BBJ

  ,EXAMPLES3
  .<A L9E ) A "R-PO9T+ >R[ AT
    ! "R 5D3.>

  "33333333333333\O

  .<A D\BLE L9E ) A D[NW>D-
    PO9T+ >R[ AT ! MID-PO9T3.>

  "377777\%777777

#AF4B4D ,TO REPRES5T 4T9CTIVE
  TYPES ( L9ES1 USE ANY VALID
  S+LE-CELL ,,UEB SYMBOL 9
  ADDI;N TO ^? 9DICAT$ 9
  #AF4B4B & EXCLUD+ ! >R[
  9DICATOR .=\1 ! HORIZONTAL
  L9E MODE T]M9ATOR .=' &
  SPACE4 ,9 G5]AL1 *OOSE A
  SYMBOL BAS$ ON ! PHYSICAL
  %APE ( ! L9E OR F1TURE "<S*
  Z A JUNC;N"> R ?AN ! M1N+ (
           #AF4B4D         #IG
           L9E MODE      B#BBJ
  ! SYMBOL 9 O!R 3TEXTS4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  .<A L9E ) A SMALL RECTANGLE
    NE> ! "R 5D3.>

  "33333333333&XXXY33

  .<A L9E ) DI6]5T LEVELS & )
    SLANT$ & "R-ANGLE *ANGES (
    LEVEL3.>

  "333ICCE38-033

#AF4B4E ,T]M9ATE HORIZONTAL
  L9E MODE ) A SPACE OR ) !
  HORIZONTAL L9E MODE
  T]M9ATOR4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  .<A L9E ) A CIRCLE AT ! "R
    5D3.>

           #AF4B4E         #IH
           L9E MODE       #BBA

  "3333333333'$=

  .<A L9E ) TEXT AT !
    MIDPO9T3.>

  "3333'CONNEC;N"3333

#AF4B4F ,:5 ! V>IANT
  HORIZONTAL L9E SEG;T IS US$1
  DESCRIBE ! L9E X REPRES5TS
  ON ! SPECIAL SYMBOLS PAGE OR
  9 A TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE4

    #AF4C ,DIAGONAL & V]TICAL
    L9ES
.=_ V]TICAL S+LE SOLID L9E
  SEG;T
.=^ F/ V>IANT V]TICAL L9E
  SEG;T "<E4G4 DOTT$ OR DA%$">
.=,_ SECOND V>IANT V]TICAL L9E
  SEG;T "<E4G4 D\BLE L9E">
.=< LEFT-L1N+ S+LE SOLID
            #AF4C          #II
           L9E MODE      A#BBA
  DIAGONAL L9E SEG;T
.=> "R-L1N+ S+LE SOLID
  DIAGONAL L9E SEG;T
.=,< V>IANT LEFT-L1N+ DIAGONAL
  L9E SEG;T
.=,> V>IANT "R-L1N+ DIAGONAL
  L9E SEG;T

#AF4C4A ,USE ! DIAGONAL &
  V]TICAL L9E SEG;TS TO
  REPRES5T DIAGONAL & V]TICAL
  L9ES4 ,GR\P "O OR M ( !
  SYMBOLS TGR :5 NEC PROVID+ T
  EA* GR\P IS SURR.D$ BY
  SPACES4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  .<A S+LE SOLID LEFT-L1N+
    DIAGONAL L9E3.>




           #AF4C4A        #AJJ
           L9E MODE      B#BBA
  <
   <
    <
     <

--------------------------#BBB
  .<A DOTT$ V]TICAL L9E3.>

  ^
  ^
  ^
  ^

  .<A LEFT-L1N+ DIAGONAL L9E
    MEET+ A D\BLE "R-L1N+
    DIAGONAL L9E 9 A ;V-
    %APE3.>

  <    ,>
   <  ,>
    <,>

#AF4C4B ,:5 A L9E DRAW+ IS 9 A
           #AF4C4B        #AJA
           L9E MODE      A#BBB
  TEXT 9 3TRACT$ "<GRADE #B">
  BRL & :5 A /R+ ( TWO OR M (
  ! L9E-DRAW+ "*S .=< & .=>
  O3UR 9 ! L9E DRAW+ 9 ANY
  COMB9A;N & SURR.D$ BY
  SPACES1 USE GRADE #A MODE =
  ! L9E DRAW+4

  ,EXAMPLE3
  .<A "R-L1N+ DIAGONAL L9E
    MEET+ A LEFT-L1N+ DIAGONAL
    L9E 9 AN 9V]T$ ;V-%APE3.>

  ""=;;;
      ><
     >  <
    >    <
  ""=;'

#AF4C4C ,:5 A V>IANT V]TICAL
  OR DIAGONAL L9E SEG;T IS
  US$1 DESCRIBE ! L9E X
  REPRES5TS ON ! SPECIAL
           #AF4C4C        #AJB
           L9E MODE      B#BBB
  SYMBOLS PAGE OR 9 A
  TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE4
--------------------------#BBC

    #AF4D ,COMB9+ L9ES
#AF4D4A ,:5 L9ES & O!R ELE;TS
  ( A DIAGRAM1 S* Z AN >R[1 >E
  T\*+ OR 3T9U\S1 POSI;N !
  CORRESPOND+ BRL "*S ADJAC5T
  TO "O ANO!R1 HORIZONTALLY1
  V]TICALLY OR DIAGONALLY4
#AF4D4B ,EV5 :5 ! LEFT 5D ( A
  HORIZONTAL L9E =MS A CORN]
  OR CROSS+ ) A V]TICAL OR
  DIAGONAL L9E1 OP5 !
  HORIZONTAL L9E ) !
  HORIZONTAL L9E MODE
  9DICATOR4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  .<A BOX1 WID] ?AN TALL3.>


           #AF4D4B        #AJC
           L9E MODE      A#BBC

  "333333333333334
  _              _
  "33333333333333J

  .<BOX DIAGRAM3.>

  "333334      "3333334
  _ ICE _ "3\O _ WAT] _
  "33333J      "333333J

  .<A V]TICAL L9E ) A
    HORIZONTAL L9E EXT5D+
    "RW>D F XS MIDPO9T3.>

  _
  "33333
  _

--------------------------#BBD
  .<A V]TICAL L9E CROSS+ A
    HORIZONTAL L9E ) A GAP 9 !
    HORIZONTAL L9E TO ! "R ( !
           #AF4D4B        #AJD
           L9E MODE      A#BBD
    V]TICAL L9E3.>

      _
  "333W "3333
      _

  .<A DIAGRAM REPRES5T+ AN
    ORGANIZA;NAL *>T OR A
    FAMILY TREE3.>

        _
  "33433J33343334
  _  _      _   _
            _
         "33J334
         _     _

  .<N"\S & CROSSES3.>





           #AF4D4B        #AJE
           L9E MODE       #BBE

  ""=;;;
   X _   _ O
  "33W333W333
   X _ X _ O
  "33W333W333
     _ O _ O
  ""=;'

  .<A "R-L1N+ L9E CROSS+ A
    HORIZONTAL L9E ) AN >R[ AT
    BO? 5DS ( BO? L9ES3.>

  ""=;;;
        \S
        >
       >
  \["3>33\O
     >
    >
  \>
  ""=;'

           #AF4D4B        #AJF
           L9E MODE       #BBF
#AF4D4C ,USE A SPACE 2F & AF
  EA* V]TICAL L9E SEG;T1 F/
  V>IANT V]TICAL L9E SEG;T1
  SECOND V>IANT V]TICAL L9E
  SEG;T OR COMB9A;N ( S*
  SEG;TS4 ,:5 A V]TICAL L9E OR
  "O ( ! V>IANT V]TICAL L9ES
  CROSSES A DIAGONAL L9E OR IS
  TOO CLOSE TO A DIAGONAL L9E1
  USE EI ( ! DIAGONAL L9E
  SEG;TS OR V>IANT DIAGONAL
  L9E SEG;TS4

  ,EXAMPLES3
  .<TWO V]TICAL L9ES CROSS$ BY
    A LEFT-L1N+ DIAGONAL
    L9E3.>
      .1,NOTE3 ,? DIAGRAM IS
    ALM TOO COMPLEX TO USE L9E
    MODE4



           #AF4D4C        #AJG
           L9E MODE      A#BBF
  ""=;;;
  < _ _
   << _
    < _
    <<<
    _ <
    _ <<
    _ _ <
  ""=;'

--------------------------#BBG
  .<A V]TICAL L9E T\*$ BY TWO
    DIAGONAL L9ES ON ! "R TO
    =M A ;,K-%APE3.>

  ""=;;;
  _  >
  _ >
  >>
  <<
  _ <
  _  <
  ""=;'
           #AF4D4C        #AJH
          GUIDE DOTS     A#BBG

    #AF4E ,GUIDE DOTS
.="" GUIDE DOTS "<) SPACE 2F &
  AF">

#AF4E4A ,USE A SEQU;E ( GUIDE
  DOTS TO 5ABLE ! R1D] TO
  TRACK ACR A GAP 9 ! BRL1 Z 9
  A TABLE ( 3T5TS OR COLUMN$
  MAT]IAL4 ,USE NO LESS ?AN
  TWO GUIDE DOTS & L1VE AT L1/
  "O BLANK CELL 2F & AF !
  SEQU;E4
--------------------------#BBH

  ,EXAMPLES3
  .<EXC]PT F A TABLE (
    3T5TS3.>

  ,SLOV5IA """"""""""""""" #AJ
  ,CROATIA """"""""""""""" #AF
  ,BOSNIA @& ,H]ZEGOV9A "" #BI

           #AF4E4A        #AJI
          GUIDE DOTS     A#BBH

  .<EXC]PT F A TABLE (
    ELE;TS3.>

  ,ELE;T     ,SYMB4  ,AT4 _?
  "33333333  "33333  "333333
  LAWR5CIUM  ;,LR    #AJC
  L1D """""  ,PB ""  #HB
  LI?IUM ""  ,LI ""  #C

     ,,,5D ( VOLUME,' #D












           #AF4E4A        #AAJ