,REFRE%ABLE ,TACTILE    #A
     ,4PLAYS,-,RESE>* TO
    ,HELP ,GUIDE ,RE=M TO
      ,TACTILE ,GRAPHICS
            ,A3ESS
  BY ,LEONA ,HOLL[AY "<#A">1
,MAT!W ,BUTL] "<#A">1 ,SAMUEL
,RE9D]S "<#A">1 ,PET]
,CRACKNELL "<#B"> & ,KIM
,M>RIOTT "<#A">
"<#A"> ,FACULTY ( ,9=MA;N
  ,TE*NOLOGY1 ,MONA%
  ,UNIV]S;Y1 ,AU/RALIA
"<#B"> ,QUANTUM ,,RLV

        #A4 ,9TRODUC;N
  ,DYNAMIC OR ,REFRE%ABLE
,TACTILE ,4PLAYS "<,,RTD,'S">
>E DEVICES ) A GRID ( DOTS T C
2 RAIS$ OR L[]$ TO REPRES5T
BRL & TACTILE GRAPHICS4 ,:ILE
,,RTD,'S H BE5 AVAILABLE 9
V>I\S =MS = "S "T1 X IS ONLY
REC5TLY T !Y H MOV$ F ! R1LM (
RESE>* & T[>D 3SUM] USE4 ,? IS
           ,,RTD,'S         #B
BY VIRTUE ( PRACTICAL =M
FACTORS1 9TEGRA;N ) WIDELY US$
TE*NOLOGIES1 & ! POT5TIAL =
WID] AF=DABIL;Y4 ,,RTD,'S
PROMISE DYNAMIC G5]A;N &
UNPREC$5T$ A3ESS TO TACTILE
GRAPHICS1 H["E ) LIMITA;NS 9
T]MS ( RESOLU;N & VISUAL
3TRA/4 ,? RADICAL *ANGE 9 !
WAY 9 : TACTILE GRAPHICS W 2
A3ESS$ REQUIRES ! A3ESSIBIL;Y
COMMUN;Y TO RE?9K \R PRACTICES
9 T]MS ( ! DESIGN & 4TRIBU;N (
TACTILE GRAPHICS4
  ,! ,9CLUSIVE ,TE*NOLOGIES
T1M AT ,MONA% ,UNIV]S;Y "WS
COLLABORATIVELY ) ! BL & L[
VI.N "<,,BLV"> COMMUN;Y TO
RESE>* A3ESSIBIL;Y SOLU;NS US+
NEW TE*NOLOGIES4 ,) ! EM]G;E (
3SUM] ,,RTD,'S1 WE RECOGNISE !
NE$ TO REFLECT ON CURR5T
TACTILE GRAPHIC GUIDEL9ES &
3SID] !M 9 ! 3TEXT ( ! "*I/ICS
           ,,RTD,'S         #C
( ,,RTD1 Z WELL Z EXPLOR+ !
EXCIT+ NEW AF=D.ES T !Y BR+4
  ,? PAP] W PRES5T AN OV]VIEW
( ! CURR5T /ATE ( 3SUM]-LEVEL
,,RTD,'S1 & MO/ IMPORTANTLY
ID5TIFY ! KEY DESIGN & RESE>*
*ALL5GES T M/ 2 ADDRESS$ = _!
MO/ E6ECTIVE USE & TO 9CR1SE !
LIKELIHOOD ( WID] 3SUM]
ADOP;N4 ,TO D ?1 A NUMB] ( KEY
EXAMPLES W 2 PRES5T$ ":
,,RTD,'S H BE5 EXPLOR$4 ,)9
EA* EXAMPLE1 MOTIVA;NS W 2
DESCRIB$1 L9KS TO DESIGN &
RESE>* *ALL5GES PRES5T$1 & KEY
LE>N+S ID5TIFI$4
  ,Z S*1 ? PAP] SEEKS TO MAKE
! FOLL[+ 3TRIBU;NS3
_4 ,ID5TIFY+ ! ONGO+ DESIGN
  *ALL5GES = ! ADOP;N (
  ,,RTD,'S Z M1N+;L TOOLS = !
  DELIV]Y ( TACTILE MAT]IALS4
_4 ,PRES5T+ PRACTICAL CASE
  /UDIES ( ! USE ( ,,RTD,'S &
           ,,RTD,'S         #D
  HI<LI<T+ ! KEY F9D+S TO
  DATE1 9CLUD+ PRELIM9>Y
  IMPLICA;NS = DESIGN4

    #B4 ,! ,CURR5T ,/ATE (
       ,,RTD ,TE*NOLOGY
  ,A RANGE ( ,,RTD H>DW>E
DEVICES >E N[ AVAILABLE1 EA* )
DI6]5T CAPABILITIES & AF=D.ES4
,! MO/ RELEVANT DEVICES 9 !
3SUM] M>KET 9 #BJBD >E !
,DOT,PAD1 ! ,MON>* & !
,CANUTE4 ,ALL H A FIX$ DOT
HEI<T & SPAC+ SIMIL> TO T ( !
BRL CELL4
  ,! ,DOT,PAD BY ,DOT ,9C4 IS
! SMALLE/ "<#BGD"8#BBI"8#CA
MM"> & LI<TE/ "<#A4B KG">
,,RTD CURR5TLY AVAILABLE4 ,X
HAS A GRID ( #CJ CELLS 9 #AJ
R[S ) AN A3OMPANY+ #BJ CELL
BRL L9E4 ,! ,DOT,PAD DOES N H
A KEYBO>D OR BRL KEYS = DATA
5TRY1 NOR AN ONBO>D COMPUT]1 B
           ,,RTD,'S         #E
R ACTS Z A 4PLAY = A 3NECT$
DEVICE1 S* Z AN I,PAD OR
LAPTOP4 ,! F/ S(TW>E = !
,DOT,PAD IS A DRAW+ APP CALL$
,DOT,CANVAS T TRANSMITS BRL &
GRAPHICS TO ! ,DOT,PAD 4PLAY4
,:OLE PAGE PANN+ ( GRAPHICS IS
POSSIBLE1 B N 9CRE;TAL PANN+4
,:OLE PAGE LABELS C 2 ATTA*$
TO DIAGRAMS & 4PLAY$ EI ON !
BRL L9E OR Z AUDIO \TPUT4
  ,! ,MON>* BY ,HUMANW>E IS !
L>GE/ DEVICE "<#DJD"8#BFG"8#CF
MM"> & WEI<S #B4A KG4 ,X HAS A
GRID ( #CB CELLS 9 #AJ R[S4 ,A
BRL KEYBO>D ALL[S = DATA 5TRY
& $IT+4 ,! ,MON>* HAS AN
ONBO>D COMPUT] ) 2SPOKE APPS =
MULTI-L9E BRL TEXT1 4PLAY+
DIAGRAMS1 DRAW+ & MA!MATICS4
,! DEVICE IS T\*-S5SITIVE &
CURSOR R\T+ TO 9DIVIDUAL CELLS
IS POSSIBLE1 Z >E AUDIO
ANNOTA;NS AT 9DIVIDUAL PO9TS4
           ,,RTD,'S         #F
,9CRE;TAL PANN+ & ZOOM+ ( L>GE
GRAPHICS IS POSSIBLE4
  ,! ,CANUTE BY ,BRI/OL ,BRL
IS ! H1VIE/ DEVICE "<#C4A
KG">1 N 9CLUD+ ! P[] SUPPLY4
,! DIM5.NS >E
"<#CEF"8#AG"8#HCH MM"> & X HAS
#I R[S ( #DJ CELLS4 ,! ,CANUTE
HAS A FIX$ SEP>A;N 2T R[S :
LIMITS XS USE Z A GRAPHICS
DEVICE4 ,X HAS NO ONBO>D
COMPUT] OR KEYS = DATA 9PUT4
,?\< ! ,CANUTE _C 4PLAY
3V5;NAL DOT GRAPHICS1 _!
DESIGN]S H BE5 "W+ ON
9NOVATIVE SOLU;NS1 = EXAMPLE
US+ BRL LRS Z FILL PATT]NS =
HORIZONTAL B> GRAPHS & ON
MAPS4
  ,! ABV DEVICES >E ALL / 9
DEVELOP;T & OR H ONLY REC5TLY
5T]$ ! COMM]CIAL M>KET4 ,MO/ (
! RESE>* TO DATE HAS "!=E BE5
3DUCT$ US+ E>LI] DEVICES S* Z
           ,,RTD,'S         #G
! GRAPHICS DEVICES BY ,METEC &
! ,GRAPHITI BY ,ORBIT ,RESE>*4
,METEC DEVICES H CLOSELY SPAC$
P9S & >E AVAILABLE 9 A RANGE (
SIZES4 ,! ,GRAPHITI HAS A
4PLAY ( #DJ ;X #FJ WIDELY
SPAC$ P9S T >E UNIQUE 9 _!
ABIL;Y TO 2 RAIS$ TO F\R
DI6]5T HEI<TS4 ,BO? DEVICES >E
T\*-S5SITIVE4

       #C4 ,KEY ,RESE>*
          ,*ALL5GES
  ,) A FOCUS ON ! USE (
,,RTD,'S = A3ESS TO DATA
VISUALISA;NS1 WE REC5TLY
3SULT$ ) KEY /AKEHOLD]S,-BL
T\* R1D]S1 VI.N SPECIALI/
T1*]S1 A3ESSIBLE =MAT PRODUC]S
& ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGY
PROVID]S,-TO EXPLORE !
POT5TIAL USES1 ADVANTAGES &
>1S = DEVELOP;T .<#H.>4 ,? "W
REV1L$ EXCITE;T REG>D+ KEY
           ,,RTD,'S         #H
POSSIBILITIES ( ,,RTD,'S1
9CLUD+3
_4 ^1,DYNAMIC ^1,3T5T3
  ,,RTD,'S 9TRODUCE !
  POSSIBIL;Y ( TACTILE
  ANIMA;NS4
_4 ^1,"TLI;S3 ,,RTD,'S
  POT5TIALLY AF=D ! ABIL;Y TO
  H AUTOMAT$ IMAGES & DATA
  PRODUC$ & 4PLAY$
  9/ANTANE\SLY4 ,? W ALL[
  ,,BLV /UD5TS TO A3ESS 9=MA;N
  AT ! SAME "T Z _! PE]S 9 !
  CLASSROOM4
_4 ^7,IMM ,FE$BACK @&
  ,CORREC;NS3^' ,,RTD,'S W
  ALL[ A3ESSIBLE =MAT PRODUC]S
  TO *ECK1 RCV FE$BACK F 5D
  US]S1 & $IT A3ESSIBLE
  GRAPHICS 9 R1L-"T4
_4 ^1,US] ^1,CR1;N3 ,,RTD,'S
  ALL[ ,,BLV P TO 2 CR1TORS1 R
  ?AN J PASSIVE RCVRS ( DATA
  VISUALISA;NS4 ,? W 5ABLE A
           ,,RTD,'S         #I
  TRANSF] ( P[] F ! PRODUC] TO
  ! US]4

  ,! "W AL HI<LI<T$ A NUMB] (
RESE>* *ALL5GES T NE$ TO 2
ADDRESS$ 2F ! FULL POT5TIAL (
,,RTD,'S C 2 R1LIS$4
  ^1,,RC#A3 ,! POT5TIAL
^7APPLICA;NS & 3TEXT ( USE^' =
,,RTD,'S >E N YET CLE>1 ) M
RESE>* REQUIR$4 ,TO DATE1
$UCA;N & MAPP+ H RCVD ! MO/
ATT5;N "<E4G4 .<#A1 #D1
#AC.>"> B "! >E AL O!R
POT5TIAL APPLICA;NS = ,,RTD,'S
9 ! "WPLACE1 S* Z 9 ! "WPLACE
= A3ESS+ PRODUCTIV;Y
APPLICA;NS L SPR1D%EETS OR
PRES5TA;N S(TW>E4
  ^7,,RC#B3 ,DESIGN (
GRAPHICS^' = 4PLAY ON
,,RTD,'S4 ,^! NEW DEVICES
9TRODUCE UNIQUE DESIGN
ATTRIBUTES S* Z ! NUMB]1
           ,,RTD,'S        #AJ
>RANGE;T & HEI<T ( P9S & !
POSSIBIL;Y ( ZOOM+ & PANN+4 ,?
NECESSITATES A NEW WAY ( ?9K+
AB ! DESIGN ( TACTILE
GRAPHICS1 ) A POT5TIAL NE$ =
,,RTD-SPECIFIC DESIGN
GUIDEL9ES4
  ^7,,RC#C3 ,TAK+ ADVANTAGE (
! DYNAMIC NATURE ( ,,RTD,'S4^'
,,RTD,'S 5ABLE ANIMA;N1 ZOOM+1
%[+ SEQU;ES ( GRAPHICS )
9CR1S+ COMPLEX;Y_/DETAIL1 &
HI<LI<T+ US+ BL9K+ P9S4 ,"S
E>LY RESE>* HAS 3FIRM$ T L>GE
TACTILE IMAGES C 2 "U/OOD BY
BL US]S VIA ZOOM+ & PANN+
.<#E1 #AB.> & \R RESE>*
9DICATES ! USE;L;S ( ANIMA;N1
HI<LI<T+1 & GRADUALLY ADD+
DETAILS TO BUILD COMPLEX;Y
.<#G.>4 ,,RTD,'S CD AL ALL[
A3ESS TO DYNAMIC DATA 4PLAYS1
= EXAMPLE %[+ SAIL+ SPE$1 W9D
DIREC;N & COMPASS BE>+ ON A
           ,,RTD,'S        #AA
BOAT 9 R1L-"T4 ,H["E1 FUR!R
RESE>* IS REQUIR$ TO DET]M9E !
MO/ APPROPRIATE WAY TO SUPPORT
9T]AC;NS ) DYNAMIC 3T5T1
OPTIMAL H& MOVE;TS = R1D+
TACTILE GRAPHICS ) MOV+
COMPON5TS1 & ISSUES RELAT+ TO
MA9TA9+ A M5TAL MODEL :5 !
GRAPHIC *ANGES4
  ^7,,RC#D3 ,MULTIMODAL
9T]AC;N & 9T]FACES4^' ,DIGITAL
PRES5TA;N1 9 "PICUL> ON
T\*-S5SITIVE ,,RTD,'S1 5ABLES
! USE ( AUDIO LABELS &
SONIFICA;N "<E4G4 .<#AF.>">4
,CURR5TLY X IS UNCLE> H[ TO
BE/ SUPPORT ?4 ,3V]SA;NAL
AG5TS (F] ANO!R EXCIT+
POSSIBIL;Y = SUPPORT+ 9T]AC;NS
) ,,RTD,'S4 ,:ILE ? COMB9A;N
HAS BE5 EXPLOR$ = #C,D MODELS
.<#AD.>1 X HAS N BE5 ADDRESS$
9 ! 3TEXT ( ,,RTD,'S4
  ^1,,RC#E3 ^1,AU?OR+4 ,) A
           ,,RTD,'S        #AB
NEW =MAT = ! PRES5TA;N (
TACTILE GRAPHICS COMES ! NE$ =
NEW AU?OR+ TOOLS & ME?ODS4 ,9
"PICUL>1 "! IS M* 9T]E/ TOOLS
9 TOOLS T C SUPPORT NONVISUAL
IMAGE CR1;N BY 5D US]S .<#C1
#AA.> & QK CR1;N BY T1*]S 9 !
CLASSROOM )\T NE$+ SPECIALI/ K
.<#H.>4 ,CR1;N MI<T 2 MANUAL
OR AUTOMATIC G5]A;N ( GRAPHICS
F DATA4 ,REC5T ADV.ES 9
G5]ATIVE ,,AI POT5TIALLY (F]
RADICALLY NEW WAYS TO SUPPORT
AU?OR+ .<#I.>4
  ^7,,RC#F3 ,! DESIGN ( ,,RTD
H>DW>E & S(TW>E^' IS A MAJOR
ISSUE T "UP9S ALL ( ! ABV
RESE>* *ALL5GES4 ,Z WE H SE51
! ,,RTD,'S COM+ ONTO ! M>KET
EA* H M>K$LY DI6]5T "*I/ICS
G5]ALLY REFLECT+ DI6]5T
CO/_/F1TURE TRADE(FS4 ,WE D N
YET H AN "U/&+ ( ! 8SWEET
SPOTS0 9 ? DESIGN SPACE4 ,=
           ,,RTD,'S        #AC
EXAMPLE1 :ILE "! IS "S RESE>*
ON ! TOPIC "<E4G4 .<#F.>">1 WE
D N YET "U/& ! IMPACT T !
SPAC+ ( P9S HAS ON P]CEP;N OR
! TRADE-(FS 2T L>G] M EXP5SIVE
4PLAYS & *1P] 4PLAYS ) FEW]
P9S B ) ZOOM+ & PANN+4 ,ANO!R
DI6];E IS :E!R ! P9S C 2 RAIS$
TO DI6]5T HEI<TS4 ,9ITIAL TE/+
SU7E/S T P9 HEI<T IS A
VALUABLE WAY ( 4T+UI%+ 2T
REGIONS ON AN ,,RTD B T C>E
NE$S TO 2 TAK5 TO 5SURE !
DI6]5T HEI<TS >E 4T+UI%ABLE
.<#G.>4
  ,"! >E AL "QS AB REFRE% RATE
& DIREC;NS ( REFRE% & H[ ^!
IMPACT ! P]CEP;N ( MOVE;T 9
ANIMAT$ GRAPHICS .<#G.>4
,ANO!R SIGNIFICANT DI6];E IS
:E!R ! TABLET TRACKS T\* &
SUPPORTS T\* GE/URES1 & IF X
DOES SUPPORT T\* GE/URES :E!R
? IS MULTIT\* OR S+LE F+]
           ,,RTD,'S        #AD
ONLY4
  ,! DESIGN ( *1P] ,,RTD,'S IS
AN ONGO+ ISSUE .<#B.>1
ESPECIALLY = ADOP;N 9 ! HOME
M>KET & 9 POOR] ECONOMIES4

      #D4 ,KEY ,EXAMPLE
          ,PROJECTS
  ,? SEC;N PROVIDES AN OV]VIEW
( ,,RTD,'S RESE>* 3DUCT$ BY !
,9CLUSIVE ,TE*NOLOGIES T1M AT
,MONA% ,UNIV]S;Y4 ,? "W
PROVIDES "S 9ITIAL 9SI<TS 9TO
! KEY RESE>* *ALL5GES DEF9$
ABV4

    #D4A ,TACTILE ,ANIMA;NS
  ,9 A /UDY 3DUCT$ 9 #BJBB1 WE
9VE/IGAT$ ! USE ( ,,RTD,'S =
4PLAY+ ANIMAT$ TACTILE IMAGES
.<#G.>4 ,! "W 2GAN ) A SURVEY
( #AI T\* R1D]S & SEV5
A3ESSIBIL;Y EXP]TS1 REV1L+ A
HI< 9T]E/ 9 TACTILE ANIMA;NS4
           ,,RTD,'S        #AE
,ANIMA;NS PROVID+ LE>N+
SUPPORT = *N & 9=MA;N = ADULTS
S* Z MAPS 7 RANK$ Z M
IMPORTANT ?AN SPORT & 5T]TA9;T
APPLICA;NS "<,,RC#A">4
  ,WE NEXT CR1T$ A RANGE (
ANIMA;NS1 OR IMAGE S]IES1
DEPICT+ "S ( ! MO/ POPUL>
REQUE/S F ! SURVEY4 ,A
TRANSCRIB] CR1T$ ! DIAGRAMS
MANUALLY = OPTIMAL PRES5TA;N1
) DOT-BY-DOT $IT+ REQUIR$ =
ANY IMAGES T 7 IMPORT$ F ANO!R
=MAT "<,,RC#E">4 ,! DIAGRAMS 7
4PLAY$ ON A ,GRAPHITI
REFRE%ABLE 4PLAY & ! F\R P9
HEI<TS 7 V HELP;L = A NUMB] (
PURPOSES3 TO 4T+UI% 2T M &
LESS IMPORTANT F1TURES "<E4G4
TALL GRAPH L9ES & L[] GRID
L9ES">2 9 ! PLACE ( TEXTURE OR
COL\R TO 4T+UI% 2T DI6]5T >1S
"<E4G4 TALL TREE ROOTS AG/ L[
SOIL">2 & TO 9DICATE DEP?
           ,,RTD,'S        #AF
"<E4G4 PROTRUD+ OR REC$+ LIMBS
ON A DANC+ FIGURE1 & BUILD+S Z
! TALLE/ F1TURES ON A C;Y
MAP"> "<,,RC#B">4 ,! USE (
MULTIPLE P9 HEI<TS ALL[$ A
SURPRIS+ AM.T ( DETAIL TO 2
3VEY$ ON ! L[-RESOLU;N GRID (
#FJ BY #DJ P9S4 ,H["E1
E6ECTIVELY ONLY ?REE HEI<TS
"<#J4E MM1 #A MM & #B MM"> CD
2 US$ TO 3VEY M1N+1 ) #A4E MM
HEI<T EASILY 2+ 3FUS$ ) ! O!R
HEI<TS "<,,RC#F">4
  ,! ANIMA;NS 7 CO-DESIGN$ ) A
T\* R1D] & !N ! F\R MO/
SU3ESS;L ANIMA;NS 7 EVALUAT$
BY #AB BL ADULTS AL;GSIDE
EQUIVAL5T TACTILE GRAPHICS4
,OV]ALL1 ! ,,RTD 0 M SU3ESS;L
?AN A SEQU;E ( TACTILE
GRAPHICS 9 3VEY+ *ANGE & GIV+
A S5SE ( MOVE;T4
  ,) A SL[ REFRE% RATE REQUIR+
UP TO #E SECONDS = ! :OLE
           ,,RTD,'S        #AG
4PLAY1 ANIMA;NS "W$ BE/ :5 !
*ANGE 0 9 SMALL /EPS1 3F9$ TO
A 4CREET SEC;N ( ! 4PLAY &
FOLL[+ ! SAME DIREC;N Z !
REFRE%4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A WAT]FALL
MOV+ D[NW>DS "W$ WELL ) P9S
REFRE%+ F ! TOP TO ! BOTTOM (
! 4PLAY1 B A BIRD ) L>GE W+S
FLAPP+ UPW>D RESULT$ 9 "S
MO;TS :5 TWO SETS ( W+S 7
VISIBLE AT ONCE1 CAUS+ 3FU.N4
  ,DYNAMIC AU?OR+ PROVID$
UNEXPECT$ ADVANTAGES = ! ,,RTD
OV] TACTILE GRAPHICS DUR+ !
/UDY "<,,RC#C">4 ,:5 ]RORS 7
F.D1 US]S NE$$ ! DIAGRAMS TO 2
SIMPLIFI$ OR *ANGES 7 SU7E/$1
UPDATES CD 2 MADE V QKLY US+ !
,,RTD 9 3TRA/ ) ! SWELL PAP]
GRAPHICS1 : CD N 2 CORRECT$
(FSITE AWAY F ! NEC EQUIP;T4
,DYNAMIC AU?OR+ OR ! USE ( A
BL9K+ CURSOR OR DRAW+ L9E CD
AL 2 US$ TO DIRECT ATT5;N ON A
           ,,RTD,'S        #AH
DIAGRAM1 = EXAMPLE %[+ A WALK+
R\TE ON A MAP1 )\T HAV+ TO USE
H&-OV]-H& TE*NIQUE4
  ,?US1 ? /UDY REV1L$ 9T]E/ 9
& ! UTIL;Y ( ,,RTD,'S Z A NEW
ME*ANISM = %[+ DYNAMIC 3T5T Z
TACTILE GRAPHICS1 H["E "! 7
TRADE-(FS 9 T]MS ( RESOLU;N &
TEXTURAL PROP]TIES4 ,M* M
RESE>* & DEVELOP;T IS NE$$ 9TO
! OPTIMAL DESIGN ( BO?
,,RTD,'S & ! GRAPHICS T !Y
4PLAY4

    #D4B ,9CR1S+ ,A3ESS TO
    ,DATA ,VISUALISA;NS ,BY
    ,COMB9+ ,,RTD,'S )
    ,3V]SA;NAL ,AG5TS
  ,WE >E CURR5TLY 9VE/IGAT+ H[
,,RTD,'S C 2 COMB9$ )
3V]SA;NAL AG5TS TO 9CR1SE
A3ESS TO DATA VISUALISA;NS4 ,!
USE ( 3V]SA;NAL AG5TS1 L
,SIRI1 ,ALEXA OR ,GOOGLE
           ,,RTD,'S        #AI
,ASSI/ANT1 TO 5H.E 9T]AC;N )
,,RTD,'S HAS N YET BE5
PREVI\SLY 3SID]$1 & CD HELP
ADDRESS ISSUES ( EQU;Y :5 X
COMES TO A3ESS TO1 & 9T]AC;N
)1 DATA VISUALISA;NS
"<,,RC#D">4
  ,TO D ?1 WE >E 3DUCT+ A
,WIZ>D-(-,OZ /UDY ) A
,GRAPHITI REFRE%ABLE 4PLAY4
,WIZ>D-(-,OZ IS A RESE>*
EXP]I;T ": AN 5D US] 9T]ACTS )
AN 9T]FACE T IS OP]AT$ BY A
8WIZ>D0 :O FULFILS 9T]AC;N
FUNC;NAL;Y T IS YET TO 2 FULLY
IMPLE;T$ .<#AJ.>4 ,? ME?OD
ALL[S U TO OBS]VE ! WAYS 9 :
,,BLV US]S WD *OOSE TO
NATURALLY 9T]ACT ) A SY/EM T
COMB9ES AN ,,RTD & 3V]SA;NAL
AG5T = A3ESSIBLE DATA A3ESS &
ANALYSIS4
  ,Z ( ,M>* #BJBD WE H "W$ )
#AA ,,BLV T\* R1D]S :O H US$
           ,,RTD,'S        #BJ
T\* COMB9$ ) VOICE COMM&S TO
9T]ACT ) A RANGE ( DI6]5T
VISUALISA;NS S* Z L9E GRAPHS1
B> *>TS & H1T MAPS4 ,WE H F.D
T "PICIPANTS (T5 2G9 ) TACTILE
EXPLORA;N ( ! VISUALISA;NS
R5D]$ ON ! ,,RTD1 !N EXPECT TO
2 ABLE TO USE COMB9A;NS ( T\*
GE/URES OR DIRECT SPOK5
9T]AC;NS ) ! 3V]SA;NAL AG5T
"<! WIZ>D"> 9 ORD] TO ASC]TA9
DETAILS OR VALIDATE F9]
DETAILS1 = EXAMPLE 3FIRM+ A
SPECIFIC VALUE4
  ,ONCE COMPLETE1 ? "W W
PROVIDE A SOLID BASIS = !
DESIGN ( A FUTURE SY/EM T W
COMB9E T\* S5SITIVE ,,RTD,'S &
3V]SA;NAL AG5TS = ! PURPOSE (
FACILITAT+ A3ESSIBLE A3ESS TO
DATA4 ,M WIDELY1 X MAY L1D TO
DESIGN 3SID]A;NS = FUTURE
,,RTD,'S1 ": !Y H ! ABIL;Y TO
=MALLY 9TEGRATE ) /&>D
           ,,RTD,'S        #BA
3V]SA;NAL AG5TS S* Z ,SIRI OR
,ALEXA1 OR >E BUILT DIRECTLY
9TO ! ,,RTD,'S !MVS4

    #D4C ,MA!MATICS ,$UCA;N
  ,! ROLE ( ,,RTD,'S =
MA!MATICS IS AN EM]G+ >EA &
POT5TIALLY "O ( ! KEY
APPLICA;N >1S "<,,RC#A">4 ,!
GLOBAL MA!MATICS CURRICULUM
RELIES ON GRAPHICS1 9CLUD+ B>
*>TS1 L9E *>TS1 SCATT] PLOTS1
GRAPHS ( MA!MATICAL FUNC;NS1
TRIGONOMETRY DIAGRAMS1 NET"W
DIAGRAMS1 TABLES & MATRICES4
,,BLV /UD5TS >E TYPICALLY
PROVID$ ) EQUIVAL5T RAIS$ L9E
DRAW+S OR WRITT5_/V]BAL
DESCRIP;NS1 H["E ^! COME )
LIMITA;NS4 ,DESCRIP;NS
9EVITABLY L1VE \ DETAILS = M
COMPLEX GRAPHICS & D N ALL[ !
/UD5T TO =M AN 9DEP5D5T "U/&+
( ! GRAPHIC4 ,TACTILE GRAPHICS
           ,,RTD,'S        #BB
SUPPORT 9DEP5D5T EXPLORA;N B
HI< QUAL;Y DIAGRAMS M/ 2 CR1T$
BY TRA9$ TRANSCRIB]S US+
SPECIALI/ EQUIP;T1 LIMIT+ "TLY
A3ESS & ! AM.T ( SPONTANE\S
LE>N+ ACTIV;Y T C TAKE PLACE1
S* Z ! 9T]AC;NS T (T5 O3UR 2T
! /UD5T & T1*]1 OR ! /UD5T &
_! PE]S4 ,ALT]NATIVELY1
TACTILE GRAPHS C 2 CR1T$ 9 !
CLASSROOM BY ! ,,BLV /UD5T OR
AN AIDE US+ TACTILE GRIDS &
TOOLS B ! RESULTANT GRAPHICS
>E TEMPOR>Y 9 NATURE4
  ,AUTOMAT$ G5]A;N ( MA!MATICS
GRAPHS US+ ,,RTD,'S "<,,RC#E">
HAS BE5 AN E>LY >EA ( RESE>*
.<#A1 #AE.>4 ,? "W HAS FOCUS$
ON ! CR1;N ( 9T]FACES 2T
A3ESSIBLE MA?S S(TW>E &
,,RTD,'S1 9 ! ATTEMPT TO
PROVIDE TACTILE A3ESS TO !
\TPUTS ( ! MA?S S(TW>E4 ,!
IMPORT.E ( SUPPORT+ MA!MATICS
           ,,RTD,'S        #BC
IS AL RECOGNIS$ BY DEVELOP]S (
,,RTD,'S1 ) ! ,MON>* DEVICE
EXPLICITLY 9TEGRAT+ GRAPH+
CALCULATOR FUNC;NAL;Y4 ,GIV5 !
DYNAMIC NATURE ( ,,RTD,'S1 O!R
DEVICES CD AL SUPPORT "WFL[S
S* Z ^? DEVELOP$ BY ,ALB]T
.<#A.> & ,S*W>Z & COLL1GUES
.<#AE.> T ALL[ = ! PROVI.N (
GRAPHICAL MA?S 3T5T4 ,ID1LLY1
S* MA!MATICS AU?OR+ S(TW>E WD
2 OP5 S\RCE & ABLE TO 2 US$
ACR DI6]5T ,,RTD DEVICES
"<,,RC#F">4
  ,X IS "H T ? "W HAS OV]LAP )
! "W 2+ "UTAK5 RELAT$ TO DATA
VISUALISA;N4 ,9 BO? .<#A.> &
.<#AE.>1 ! "W EXPLORES N ONLY
REPRES5TA;N ( GRAPHICAL
MA!MATICS 3T5T1 B AL 9T]AC;NS
BY ! T\* R1D]4 ,^! 9CLUDE3
F9D+ COORD9ATES & >1S ( 9T]E/1
9CLUD+ ! USE ( 8FLA%+0 P9S2
SELEC;N2 ZOOM+2 PANN+2 & G5]AL
           ,,RTD,'S        #BD
NAVIGA;N "<,,RC#C">4 ,ONGO+ "W
NE$S TO EXPLORE ^! 9T]AC;NS1
TO "U/& H[ ,,RTD,'S C SUPPORT
NATURAL & WELL-"U/OOD 9T]AC;N
/RATEGIES "<E4G4 P9* TO
ZOOM">1 B AL :AT NEW GE/URES
>E REQUIR$ TO 2 DEVELOP$ TO
SUPPORT M1N+;L 9T]AC;N
"<,,RC#D">4
  ,! (T5 MULTI-L9E NATURE (
MA!MATICS NOTA;N AL PRES5TS A
/R;G USE CASE = ,,RTD,'S 9 !
MA!MATICS 3TEXT "<,,RC#A">4
,EQUA;NS (T5 FL[ OV] M ?AN "O
L9E1 "!=E BY US+ AN ,,RTD1 A
T\* R1D] C EXPLORE TWO "PS (
AN EQUA;N AT ONCE4 ,SIMIL>LY1
AN ,,RTD MAY 2 CRUCIAL = BE/
PRES5T+ NOTA;NS ": LAY\T IS
CRITICAL1 S* Z 9 SPATIAL
>RANGE;T ( ADDI;N & SUBTRAC;N
= "Y LE>N]S1 OR MATRICES =
S5IOR MA!MATICS4
  ,GIV5 ! ABV AF=D.ES1
           ,,RTD,'S        #BE
,,RTD,'S MAY AL 2 ABLE TO
SUPPORT GRT] 9CLUSIVE;S &
COLLABORA;N 2T /UD5TS & _!
PE]S & T1*]S 9 ! CLASSROOM4 ,)
! ABIL;Y TO 9T]FACE )
A3ESSIBLE MA!MATICS S(TW>E &
TO PRODUCE \TPUT ON ,,RTD,'S T
IS A3ESSIBLE BO? TACTUALLY &
VISUALLY1 X CD 2 EASI] = ,,BLV
/UD5TS TO "W ) T1*]S & PE]S )
%>$ REPRES5TA;NS ( 3T5T
"<,,RC#E">4 ,? C ONLY SUPPORT
/R;G] LE>N+ \TCOMES4 ,Z S*1 ?
IS A KEY >EA ( FUTURE RESE>*4

         #E4 ,3CLU.N
  ,,RTD,'S H ! POT5TIAL TO
TRANS=M ! AVAILABIL;Y ( BRL &
TACTILE GRAPHICS4 ,H["E1 _!
SU3ESS;L ADOP;N RELIES ^U !
DEVELOP;T ( OPTIMAL DEVICES1
S(TW>E & PROCESSES4 ,9 ? PAP]1
WE H HI<LI<T$ SIX KEY RESE>*
*ALL5GES3 "<,,RC#A"> ,ID5TIFY+
           ,,RTD,'S        #BF
! MO/ IMPORTANT USES =
,,RTD,'S2 "<,,RC#B"> DEVELOP+
NEW DESIGN GUIDEL9ES
SPECIFICALLY = TACTILE
GRAPHICS TO 2 4PLAY$ ON
,,RTD,'S2 "<,,RC#C"> DET]M9+ !
MO/ APPROPRIATE WAY TO SUPPORT
9T]AC;NS ) DYNAMIC 3T5T2
"<,,RC#D"> EXPLOR+ ! ROLE (
MULTIMODAL 9T]AC;NS &
9T]FACES2 "<,,RC#E"> DEVELOP+
NEW AU?OR+ TOOLS & ME?ODS2 &
"<,,RC#F"> DESIGN+ ! NEC
H>DW>E & S(TW>E TO SUPPORT ^!
*ALL5GES4 ,N[ IS ! "T =
RESE>*]S1 PRODUC]S1 T\* R1D]S
& TE*NOLOGY COMPANIES TO "W ON
^! RESE>* *ALL5GES TGR Z A
COMMUN;Y S T WE C HELP TO
DRIVE FUTURE DEVELOP;TS TO FIT
\R NE$S4



           ,,RTD,'S        #BG

           ,REF];ES
.<#A.> ,ALB]T1 ;,P4 "<#BJJF">4
  8,MA? ,CLASS3 ,AN ,APPLICA;N
  = ,DYNAMIC ,TACTILE
  ,GRAPHICS04 ,,IC*P3
  ,9T]NA;NAL ,3F];E ON ,HELP+
  ,P ) ,SPECIAL ,NE$S1 ,L9Z1
  ,AU/RIA4
.<#B.> ,BHATNAG>1 ;,T41
  ,HI79S1 ,A41 ,M>QU>DT1 ;,N41
  ,MIOD[NIK1 ;,M41 @&
  ,HOLL[AY1 ;,C4 "<#BJBC">4
  8,ANALYSIS ( ,PRODUCT
  ,>*ITECTURES ( ,P9 ,>RAY
  ,TE*NOLOGIES = ,TACTILE
  ,4PLAYS04 ,PROCE$+S ( !
  ,,ACM ON ,HUMAN-,COMPUT]
  ,9T]AC;N1 #G"<,,ISS">1
  #ACE-#AEE4
.<#C.> ,BORNS*E91 ;,J41
  ,BORNS*E91 ;,D41 @& ,WEB]1
  ;,G4 "<#BJAH">4 8,COMP>+
  ,COMPUT]-,BAS$ ,DRAW+
           ,,RTD,'S        #BH
  ,ME?ODS = ,BL ,P ) ,R1L-,"T
  ,TACTILE ,FE$BACK04 ,,*I
  ,3F];E ON ,HUMAN ,FACTORS 9
  ,COMPUT+ ,SY/EMS1
  ,MONTR^/EAL1 ,,QC1 ,CANADA4
.<#D.> ,BRAYDA1 ;,L41 ,LEO1
  ;,F41 ,BA3ELLI]E1 ;,C41
  ,F]R>I1 ;,E41 @& ,VIG9I1
  ;,C4 "<#BJAH">4 8,UPDAT$
  ,TACTILE ,FE$BACK ) A ,P9
  ,>RAY ,MATRIX ,HELPS ,BL ,P
  TO ,R$UCE ,SELF-,LOCA;N
  ,]RORS04 ,MICROMA*9ES
  "<,BASEL">1 #AD"<#I">1 #CEA4
.<#E.> ,DUCASSE1 ;,J41
  ,MAC^/E1 ;,M4 ;,J4-;,M41
  ,ORIOLA1 ;,B41 @& ,J\6RAIS1
  ;,C4 "<#BJAH">4 8,BOT,MAP3
  ,NON-,VISUAL ,PANN+ & ,ZOOM+
  ) AN ,ACTUAT$ ,TABLETOP
  ,TANGIBLE ,9T]FACE04 ,,ACM
  ,TRANSAC;NS ON ,A3ESSIBLE
  ,COMPUT+ "<,,TA3ESS">1
  #BE"<#D">1 #A-#DB4
           ,,RTD,'S        #BI
.<#F.> ,G>CIA-,H]N&EZ1 ;,N41
  ,TSAG>AKIS1 ;,N4
  @&,CALDWELL1 ;,D4 "<#BJAA">4
  8,FEEL+ "? ,TACTILE ,4PLAYS3
  ,A ,/UDY ON ! ,E6ECT ( !
  ,>RAY ,D5S;Y & ,SIZE ON !
  ,4CRIM9A;N ( ,TACTILE
  ,PATT]NS04 ,,IEEE
  ,TRANSAC;NS ON ,HAPTICS1
  #D"<#B">1 #AJJ-#AAJ4
.<#G.> ,HOLL[AY1 ;,L41
  ,ANAN?AN>AYAN1 ;,S41 ,BUTL]1
  ;,M41 ,DE ,SILVA1 ;,M41
  ,ELLIS1 ;,K41 ,GONCU1 ;,C41
  ,/EPH5S1 ;,K41 @& ,M>RIOTT1
  ;,K4 "<#BJBB">4 8,ANIMA;NS
  AT YR ,F+]TIPS3 ,US+ A
  ,REFRE%ABLE ,TACTILE ,4PLAY
  TO ,3VEY ,MO;N ,GRAPHICS =
  ,P :O >E ,BL OR H ,L[
  ,VI.N04 ,,ASSETS ,9T]NA;NAL
  ,,ACM ,,SIGA3ESS ,3F];E ON
  ,COMPUT]S & ,A3ESSIBIL;Y1
  ,A!NS1 ,GREECE4
           ,,RTD,'S        #CJ
.<#H.> ,HOLL[AY1 ;,L41
  ,CRACKNELL1 ;,P41 ,/EPH5S1
  ;,K41 ,FAN%AWE1 ;,M41
  ,RE9D]S1 ;,S41 ,M>RIOTT1
  ;,K41 @& ,BUTL]1 ;,M4
  "<#BJBC">4 8,REFRE%ABLE
  ,TACTILE ,4PLAYS =
  ,A3ESSIBLE ,DATA
  ,VISUALISA;N04 ,PO/]
  PRES5TA;N AT ,,IEEE ,,VIS3
  ,VISUALIZA;N @& ,VISUAL
  ,ANALYTICS1 ,MELB\RNE1
  ,AU/RALIA4
.<#I.> ,HUH1 ;,M41 ,P5G1
  ;,Y4-;,H41 @& ,PAVEL1 ,A4
  "<#BJBC">4 8,G5,ASSI/3 ,MAK+
  ,IMAGE ,G5]A;N ,A3ESSIBLE04
  ,,UI/ '#BC3 ,! #CFTH ,ANNUAL
  ,,ACM ,SYMPOSIUM ON ,US]
  ,9T]FACE ,S(TW>E &
  ,TE*NOLOGY1 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1
  ,,CA1 ,,USA4
.<#AJ.> ,KELLEY1 ;,J4 ;,F4
  "<#AIHD">4 8,AN IT]ATIVE
           ,,RTD,'S        #CA
  DESIGN ME?ODOLOGY = US]-FRLY
  NATURAL LANGUAGE (FICE
  9=MA;N APPLICA;NS04 ,,ACM
  ,TRANSAC;NS ON ,9=MA;N
  ,SY/EMS1 #B"<#A">1 #BF-#DA4
.<#AA.> ,KOBAYA%I1 ;,M41 @&
  ,WATANABE1 ;,T4 "<#BJJD">4
  8,COMMUNICA;N ,SY/EM = ! ,BL
  ,US+ ,TACTILE ,4PLAYS &
  ,ULTRASONIC ,P5S ,-
  ,,MIMIZU04 ,,IC*P3
  ,9T]NA;NAL ,3F];E ON
  ,COMPUT]S ,HELP+ ,P ) ,PR9T
  ,4ABILITIES1 ,P>IS1 ,FR.E4
.<#AB.> ,L^/EVESQUE1 ;,V41
  ,PETIT1 ;,G41 ,DUFRESNE1
  ,A41 @& ,HAYW>D1 ;,V4
  "<#BJAB">4 8,ADAPTIVE LEVEL
  ( DETAIL 9 DYNAMIC1
  REFRE%ABLE TACTILE
  GRAPHICS04 ,,IEEE ,HAPTICS
  ,SYMPOSIUM "<,,HAPTICS">1
  ,VANC\V]1 ,,BC1 ,CANADA4
.<#AC.> ,PETIT1 ;,G41
           ,,RTD,'S        #CB
  ,DUFRESNE1 ,A41 ,LEVESQUE1
  ;,V41 ,HAYW>D1 ;,V41 @&
  ,TRUD1U1 ;,N4 "<#BJJH">4
  8,REFRE%ABLE ,TACTILE
  ,GRAPHICS ,APPLI$ TO
  ,S*OOLBOOK ,ILLU/RA;NS =
  ,/UD5TS ) ,VISUAL
  ,IMPAIR;T04 ,,ASSETS
  ,9T]NA;NAL ,,ACM ,,SIGA3ESS
  ,3F];E ON ,COMPUT]S &
  ,A3ESSIBIL;Y1 ,NOVA ,SCOTIA1
  ,CANADA4
.<#AD.> ,RE9D]S1 ;,S41 ,BUTL]1
  ;,M41 @& ,M>RIOTT1 ;,K4
  "<#BJBJ">4 8^8,HEY
  ,MODEL6a^0,-,NATURAL ,US]
  ,9T]AC;NS & ,AG5CY 9
  ,A3ESSIBLE ,9T]ACTIVE #C,D
  ,MODELS04 ,,*I ,3F];E ON
  ,HUMAN ,FACTORS 9 ,COMPUT+
  ,SY/EMS1 VIRTUAL4
.<#AE.> ,S*W>Z1 ;,T41 ,MELFI1
  ;,G41 ,S*EI6ELE1 ;,S41 @&
  ,/IEFELHAG51 ;,R4 "<#BJBB">4
           ,,RTD,'S        #CC
  8,9T]FACE = ,AUTOMATIC
  ,TACTILE ,4PLAY ( ,DATA
  ,PLOTS04 ,JO9T ,9T]NA;NAL
  ,3F];E ON ,DIGITAL ,9CLU.N1
  ,ASSI/IVE ,TE*NOLOGY @&
  ,A3ESSIBIL;Y
  "<,,IC*P-,,AAATE"> ,LE3O1
  ,ITALY4
.<#AF.> ,Z5G1 ;,L41 ,WEB]1
  ;,G41 @& ,BAUMANN1 ;,U4
  "<#BJAB">4 8,AUDIO-HAPTIC
  Y->E-"H MAPS ON A MOBILE
  T\*-5ABL$ P9-MATRIX 4PLAY04
  ,,IEEE ,9T]NA;NAL ,"W%OP ON
  ,HAPTIC ,AUDIO ,VISUAL
  ,5VIRON;TS & ,GAMES "<,,H
  #BJAB">1 ,MUNI*1 ,G]_M4