,,bana
,,uebc ,,sampl] #b
,prep>$ "u ! auspices (!
,brl ,au?or;y ( ,nor? ,am]ica
,june #bjja
,volume #b ( #b
,pages p#a-p#b & #adg-cba p#a
,3t5ts
,sample ,page
#d4 ,t1*+ ,mat]ial """""""""""""""" #adg
#d;a4 ,ma? ,"w%op """"""""""""""" #aeg
#d;b4 ,*apt] #f ,review """"""""" #afg
#d;c4 ,algebra ,i ,*apt] #g ,te/ #aga
#d;d4 ,algebra ,,ii ,*apt] #c
,te/ """""""""""""""""""""""" #age
#d;e4 ,a ,sample ,>ticle """""""" #agi
#e4 ,-put]3 s"eal pages f a manual #ahc
#f4 ,*emi/ry3 s"eal pages f a
textbook """""""""""""""""""""" #bec
p#b
,sample #d4
,t1*+ ,mat]ial
,? sample is transcrib$ us+ ..,!
,neme? ,brl ,code = ,ma!matics & ,sci;e
,not,n #aigb .,revi.n 7on left h& pages7
&! ,unifi$ ,5gli% ,brl ,code z ( ,june
#bjja 7on "r h& pages74
#adg
,t1*+ ,mat]ial
9 ,neme? ,code
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,neme? ,symbols
_ 7#def7 punctu,n 9dicator
= g5]al omis.n symbol
" 7#e7 2g9 modifi$ expres.n
< 2g9 modifi] abv
] 5d modifi$ expres.n
_ 7#def7 bold next lr
+ plus sign
- 7#cf7 m9us sign
@* "ts sign 7cross7
* "ts sign 7dot7
./ divid$ 0sign
o divid$ 0sign 7spatial7
+- plus or m9us sign
.k equal sign
/.k n equal sign
@:.k equal sign "u tilde
"k less ?an sign
.1 grt] ?an sign
"k: b> "u less ?an
.1: b> "u grt] ?an
,t1*+ ,mat]ial 9 ,,uebc
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,,uebc ,symbols
.=; grade "o symbol
.=;; grade "o ^w
.=;;; 2g9 grade "o passage
.=; 72f a space7 5d grade "o passage
.="6 plus sign
.="- m9us sign
.="8 "ts sign 7cross7
.="4 "ts sign 7dot7
.="/ divid$ 0sign
.="> divid$ 0sign 7spatial7
.=_6 plus or m9us sign
.="7 equal sign
.=@< less ?an sign
.=@> grt] ?an sign
.=_@< less ?an or equal sign
.=_@> grt] ?an or equal sign
.="_9 tilde ov] equal sign
.=@9 tilde
.=.@< m* less ?an sign
#adi
,neme? ,symbols 73t47
? 2g9 frac;n
# 5d frac;n
/ horizontal frac;n l9e
_/ diagonal frac;n l9e
_? 2g9 frac;n por;n ( mix$ numb]
_# 5d frac;n por;n ( mix$ numb]
,? 2g9 -plex frac;n
,# 5d -plex frac;n
,/ horizontal -plex frac;n l9e
( op5+ p>5!sis
) clos+ p>5!sis
@( op5+ bracket
@) clos+ bracket
.( op5+ brace
.) clos+ brace
v]tical b>
@,( 5l>g$ op5+ bracket
@,) 5l>g$ clos+ bracket
. 7#df7 decimal po9t
@0 7#d1 #cef7 p]c5t sign
, 7#f7 ma!matical -ma
@s doll> sign
,,uebc ,symbols 73t47
.=/ num]ic frac;n l9e
.=( 2g9 frac;n
.=) 5d frac;n
.=./ frac;n l9e
.=_/ sla%
.="< op5+ p>5!sis
.="> clos+ p>5!sis
.=_ v]tical l9e
.=_< op5+ brace
.=_> clos+ brace
.=.< op5+ bracket
.=.> clos+ bracket
.=,.< multi-l9e op5+ bracket
.=,.> multi-l9e clos+ bracket
.=< 2g9 -p.d item
.=> 5d -p.d item
.=4 decimal po9t
.=.0 p]c5t sign
.=@s doll> sign
.=6 factorial sign
.=@: l9e "? previs item
#aea
,neme? ,symbols 73t47
& factorial sign
> 2g9 radical
] 5d radical
< 9dex ( radical 9dicator
^ 7#de7 2g9 sup]script
; 7#ef7 2g9 subscript
[ -ma )9 subscript
" 7#e7 return 6basel9e af sup]script or
subscript
.# crosshat*
$[ angle sign
_< c>et
$a >c
$t triangle
$4 squ>e
$c circle
$[33o "r & left b>b$ >r[
$o "r >r[
: horizontal b>
$l p>allel sign
$p p]p5dicul> sign
,,uebc ,symbols 73t7
.=% 2g9 radical
.=%9 2g9 radical ) next item z 9dex (
radical
.=+ 5d radical
.=9 sup]script next item
.=5 subscript next item
.=.9 next item directly abv previs item
.=": c>et ov] previs item
.=: b> ov] previs item
.=^: "r >r[ ov] previs item
.=_? crosshat*1 or 8numb]0
.=@$a transcrib]-def9$ %ape3 angle
.=@$r transcrib]-def9$ %ape3 >c
.=$#c triangle
.=$#d squ>e
.=$= circle
.=@$l transcrib]-def9$ %ape3 p>allel
sign
.=@$p transcrib]-def9$ %ape3 p]p5dicul>
sign
.=: 5d %ape
#aec
,neme? ,symbols 73t47
^.* degree sign
"1 7#e1 #b7 ratio sign
---- 7#cf1 #cf1 #cf1 #cf7 d# da%
@: tilde
,= 9f9;y sign
"k@"k] two ne/$ less ?an signs
.,d ,greek capital delta
.g ,greek gamma
.,s ,greek capital sigma
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
,,uebc ,symbols 73t47
.=o "r >r[
.=wro left- & "r-po9t+ >r[
.=^j degree sign
.=3 7spac$7 ratio sign
.=---- blank 7,a ,,uebc symbol has
n yet be5 assign$47
.=^1 bold ^w
.=^2 bold symbol
.=,,, 2g9 capitaliz$ passage
.=,' 5d capitals )9 a sequ;e
.=, 72f a space7 5d capitaliz$ passage
.=.7 2g9 italic passage
.=. 72f a space7 5d italic passage
.=#= 9f9;y sign
.=444 ellipsis
.=,.d capital ,greek delta
.=.g ,greek gamma
.=,.s capital ,greek sigma
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
#aee
,sample #4a_4
,ma? ,"w%op
;,a_4 ,>i?metic
#1_4 a4i;n & subtrac;n
#4+5 .k =
#15-8 .k =
#2_4 multiplic,n
#29@*6 .k =
#453*80 .k =
#3_4 divi.n
#55./5 .k #11
#24o9785
#4_4 frac;ns
?1/2#*?1/4# .k =
?5/45#+?6/9#+?7/18# .k =
#5_4 mix$ numb]s
#23_?1/4_#@*2 .k =
#2_?1/2_#+1_?3/4_# .k =
#6_4 decimals
#45.6+2.4 .k =
#978.2./12 .k =
#7_4 ^w pro#ms (@0, @s)
,a suit t sold = @s120 is on
,sample #d;a4
,ma? ,"w%op
,a4 ,>i?metic
#a4 addi;n & subtrac;n
#d "6 #e "7
#ae "- #h "7
#b4 multiplica;n
#bi "8 #f "7
#dec "4 #hj "7
#c4 divi.n
#ee "/ #e "7 #aa
#bd">#ighe
#d4 frac;ns
#a/b "4 #a/d "7
#e/de "6 #f/i "6 #g/ah "7
#e4 mix$ numb]s
#bc#a/d "8 #b "7
#b#a/b "6 #a#c/d "7
#f4 decimals
#de4f "6 #b4d "7
#igh4b "/ #ab "7
#g4 ^w problems "<.01 @s">
,a suit t sold = @s#abj is on #aeg
sale = @s75_4 ,! p]c5t ( decr1se
is #37.5@0_4
#8_4 -p>ison symbols "k, .1, .k
#5 .k #8 is false
;,b_4 ,algebra
#1_4 factorial & absolute value
#5& .k #5*4*3*2*1
#5& .k #120
-34.7
#2_4 negative numb]s
-#4.5-16.3 .k =
-#12.2+3.7 .k =
#3_4 v>ia#s1 l9e> equ,ns1 grp+ symbols
y .k #3x+5
,simplify3 .(2x-4@(3x-5(2x+3)-4x@)+6.)
#4_4 -p>ison symbols "k:, .1:, /.k, &!
plus or m9us sign +-
y .1: #2x-3
#5_4 squ>e roots & radicals ) hi<]
9dices
>237]
sale = @s#ge4 ,! p]c5t ( decr1se
is #cg4e.04
#h4 comp>ison symbols @<1 @>1 "7
#e "7 #h is false
;,b4 ,algebra
#a4 factorial & absolute value
#e6 "7 #e "4 #d "4 #c "4 #b "4 #a
#e6 "7 #abj
_"-#cd4g_
#b4 negative numb]s
"-#d4e "- #af4c "7
"-#ab4b "6 #c4g "7
#c4 v>iables1 l9e> equa;ns1 grp+
symbols
;y "7 #cx "6 #e
,simplify3
_<#bx "- #d.<#cx "- #e"<#bx "6 #c">
"- #dx.> "6 #f_>
#d4 comp>ison symbols _@<1 _@>1 "7@:1 &
! plus or m9us sign _6
;y _@> #bx "- #c
#e4 squ>e roots & radicals ) hi<] 9dices
;%#bcg+ #aei
<3>99]
#6_4 monomials1 polynomials & quadratic
equ,ns
-#4z^2
(3x^2"+2x-1)(x^2"-3)
(x+2)^2 .k =
x .k ?-b+->b^2"-4ac]/2a#
,if #3x^2"+5x-2 .k #0, !n
x .k ?-5+->(5)^2"-4(3)(-2)]/2(3)#
#7_4 r,nal expres.ns & -plex frac;ns
?4x-x^2"/2x+3#./?16x^2"-4x^3"/8x+12#
,??1/4#+?2/3#,/?1/2#,# .k =
#8_4 value ta# & matrix
#2 #4 #6 #8 #10 #12 ;x
#8 #16 #24 #32 #40 = =
;;%9#c#ii+
#f4 monomials1 polynomials & quadratic
equa;ns
;;;"-#dz9#b
"<#cx9#b "6 #bx "- #a">
"<x9#b "- #c">
"<x "6 #b">9#b "7
x "7 ("-b _6 %b9#b "- #d;ac+./#b;a);
,if #cx9#b "6 #ex "- #b "7 #j1 !n
;;;x
"7 ("-#e _6
%"<#e">9#b "- #d"<#c">"<"-#b">+
./#b"<#c">);
#g4 ra;nal expres.ns & complex frac;ns
;;;(#dx "- x9#b./#bx "6 #c)
"/ (#afx9#b "- #dx9#c./#hx "6 #ab)
(#a/d "6 #b/c./#a/b) "7;
#h4 value table & matrix
#b #d #f #h #aj #ab ;x
#h #af #bd #cb #dj ;8 ;8
#afa
@,(#1 #4@,)@,(-#2 #3@,)
@,(#2 #5@,)@,(#1 #4@,)
@,(#3 #6@,)
.k @,(#2 #19@,)
@,(#1 #26@,)
@,(#0 #33@,)
#9_4 ta#
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,grad+ ,p]iod .# ( ;,a_'s
"333333333333 "3333333333
#1 """""""""" #5
#2 """""""""" #10
#3 """""""""" #11
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
;,c_4 ,geometry
#1_4 angle & >c
$[ ,a,b,c
",e,f<_<] ",e,f<$a]
#2_4 %apes
$t ,a,b,c
$4 ,a,b,c,d
,.<#a #d,.>,.<"-#b #c,.>
,.<#b #e,.>,.<#a #d,.>
,.<#c #f,.>
"7,.<#b #ai,.>
,.<#a #bf,.>
,.<#j #cc,.>
#i4 table
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,grad+ ,p]iod _? ( ,a's
"333333333333 "33333333
#a """""""""" #e
#b """""""""" #aj
#c """""""""" #aa
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
;,c4 ,geometry
#a4 angle & >c
;;;@$a:,,abc
<,,ef>": <,,ef>.9@$r:;
#b4 %apes
;;;$#c:,,abc
$#d:,,abcd #afc
$c ,o
#3_4 l9e1 l9e seg;t & ray
",x,y<$[33o]
",a,f<:]
",a,b<$o]
#4_4 -p>ison symbols3 $l, $p, @:.k
",a,b<$[33o] $l ",c,d<$[33o]
",a,b<:] $p ",c,d<:]
$[ ,a,b,c @:.k $[ ,c,d,e
#5_4 degrees
#90^.*"+90^.*
$=:,o;
#c4 l9e1 l9e seg;t & ray
;;;<,,xy>.9wro
<,,af>:
<,,ab>^:;
#d4 comp>ison symbols3 @$l:1 @$p:1 "_9
;;;<,,ab>.9wro @$l <,,cd>.9wro
<,,ab>: @$p <,,cd>:
@$a:,,abc "_9 @$a:,,cde;
#e4 degrees
#ij^j "6 #ij^j
#afe
,sample #4b_4
,*apt] #6 ,review
,write ea* ratio 9 simple/ =m4
#1_4 ?,a,b/,c,d#
#2_4 ?m$[ ,b,a,c/m$[ ,d,a,c#
#3_4 ?,b,c/,a,c#
#4_4 ,det]m9e :e!r ! ratios ?3/5# &
?15/25# =m a propor;n4
,f9d ! value ( ;x 9 ea* propor;n4
#5_4 #14 "1 x .k #21 "1 #27
#6_4 ?5/2# .k ?15/x#
#7_4 ,-plete ! /ate;t 9 five di6]5t
ways4
,if ?2/3# .k ?8/12#, !n ----
#8_4 ,use ! propor;n ?7/8# .k ?x/y#
6-plete ! /ate;t4
?x/7# .k ----
#9_4 ,write a two-column pro(4
,,giv53 ?,j,n/,n,m# .k ?,j,k/,k,l#
,,prove3
?,j,m/,n,m# .k ?,j,l/,k,l#
,sample #d;b4
,*apt] #f ,review
,write ea* ratio 9 simple/ =m4
#a4 ;;(,,ab./,,cd)
#b4 ;;(m@$a:,,bac./m@$a:,,dac)
#c4 ;;(,,bc./,,ac)
#d4 ,det]m9e :e!r ! ratios #c/e & #ae/be
=m a propor;n4
,f9d ! value ( ;x 9 ea* propor;n4
#e4 #ad 3 ;x "7 #ba 3 #bg
#f4 #e/b "7 (#ae./x)
#g4 ,complete ! /ate;t 9 five di6]5t
ways4
,if #b/c "7 #h/ab1 !n ----
#h4 ,use ! propor;n #g/h "7 ;;(x./y) to
complete ! /ate;t4
;;(x./#g) "7 ----
#i4 ,write a two-column pro(4
^1,giv53 ;;;(,,,jn./nm) "7 (jk./kl,');
^1,prove3
;;;(,,,jm./nm) "7 (jk./kl,');
#afg
#10_4 ",r,s<:] $l ",u,v<:] ,f9d ;x &
;y_4
#11_4 ,prove $t ,e,f,g @: $t ,e,g,h_4
#12_4 ,f9d ! value ( ;x = : ! triangles
>e simil>4
#13_4 ,giv5 $t ,t,r,s & $t ,v,w,x )
$[ ,r @:.k $[ ,w, /ate ! propor;n t m/
2 true if $t ,t,r,s @: $t ,v,w,x by
,,sas ,simil>;y4
,giv5 $t ,c,a,b & a $l b $l c,
-plete ea* /ate;t & /ate ! !orem
appli$4
#14_4 ,if ,c,e .k #3, ,c,a .k #9, &
,c,b .k #12, !n ,c,g .k ----
#aj4 ;;<,,rs>:@$l:<,,uv>: ,f9d ;x & ;y4
#aa4 ,prove $#c:,,efg @9 $#c:,,egh4
#ab4 ,f9d ! value ( ;x = : ! triangles
>e simil>4
#ac4 ,giv5 ;$#c:,,trs & ;$#c:,,vwx )
@$a:,r "_9 @$a:,w1 /ate ! propor;n t
m/ 2 true if ;$#c:,,trs @9 ;$#c:,,vwx
by ,,sas ,simil>;y4
,giv5 ;$#c:,,cab & a @$l ;b @$l ;c1
complete ea* /ate;t & /ate ! !orem
appli$4
#ad4 ,if ,,ce "7 #c1 ,,ca "7 #i1 &
,,cb "7 #ab1 !n ,,cg "7 ----
#afi
,sample #4c_4
,algebra ;,i ,*apt] #7 ,te/
#1_4 ,mat* ! equ,n or 9equal;y )! graph
x describes4
;a_4 x .k #1
;b_4 x "k: #1
;c_4 x .1: #1
#2_4 ,: equ,n mat*es ! graph8
(a) y .k ?1/2#x-3
(b) y .k ?1/2#x+1
(c) y .k ?1/2#x+1
(d) y .k x+1
#3_4 ,solve ! equ,n4
x-7 .k #3
#4_4 ,evaluate4
>36]
#5_4 ,-plete ! ta#4 ,!n graph ! equ,n
y .k >x]-4_4
,sample #d;c4
,algebra ,i ,*apt] #g ,te/
#a4 ,mat* ! equa;n or 9equal;y ) ! graph
x describes4
a4 _x_"7#a
;b4 _x__@<#a
;c4 _x__@>#a
#b4 ,: equa;n mat*es ! graph8
"<a"> y"7_#a/bx_"-#c
"<;b"> y"7_#a/bx"6#a_
"<;c"> y"7_#a/bx_"6#a
"<;d"> y"7_x_"6#a
#c4 ,solve ! equa;n4
_x"-#g_"7#c
#d4 ,evaluate4
;%#cf+
#e4 ,complete ! table4 ,!n graph !
equa;n ;;;y "7 %x+ "- #d4;
#aga
;x >x] >x]-4 (x, y)
"33 "33 "3333 "33333
#0 = = """ =
#1 = = """ =
#4 = = """ =
#9 = = """ =
#16 = = """ =
#6_4 ,f9d ! taxi 4t.e 2t (-3, 1) &
(2, -4)_4
#7_4 ,use ! ,4t.e ,=mula 6f9d ! 4t.e 2t
(3, 5) & (-2, -3)_4
#8_4 ,use ! propor;n 6f9d ! value ( ;x_4
?x/63# .k ?5/28#
#9_4 ,! two triangles >e simil>4 ,f9d
;x, ;y, & ;z_4 (,h9t3 ,2g9 0us+ !
,py?agor1n ,!orem4)
#10_4 ,=! triangle %[n1 f9d sin ,k,
cos ,k, & tan ,k_4 ,give exact answ]s4
#11_4 ,a #17-ft la4] makes an angle (
#65^.* )! gr.d4 ,give ,a,c, ! 4t.e (!
bottom (! la4] f ! wall4 ,r.d yr answ]
6! ne>e/ t5? (a foot4
;;;x %x+ %x+ "- #d "<x1 y">;
"333 "33 "33333333 "33333333
#j
#a
#d
#i
#af
#f4 ,f9d ! taxi 4t.e 2t "<"-#c1 #a"> &
"<#b1 "-#d">4
#g4 ,use ! ,4t.e ,=mula to f9d ! 4t.e 2t
"<#c1 #e"> & "<"-#b1 "-#c">4
#h4 ,use ! propor;n to f9d ! value ( ;x4
;;(x./#fc) "7 #e/bh
#i4 ,! two triangles >e simil>4 ,f9d ;x1
;y1 & ;z4 "<,h9t3 ,2g9 by us+ !
,py?agor1n ,!orem4">
#aj4 ,= ! triangle %[n1 f9d s9 ;,k1
cos ;,k1 & tan ;,k4 ,give exact
answ]s4
#aa4 ,a #ag-ft ladd] makes an angle (
#fe^j ) ! gr.d4 ,give ;,,ac1 ! 4t.e (
! bottom ( ! ladd] f ! wall4 ,r.d yr
answ] to ! ne>e/ t5? ( a foot4
#agc
,sample #4d_4
,algebra ,,ii ,*apt] #3 ,te/
,solve ea* sy/em ( l9e> equ,ns if
possi#4 ,/ate ! numb] ( solu;ns1 &
tell :e!r ! sy/em is 3si/5t or
9consi/5t4
#1_4 #5x+2y .k -#4
#5x-2y .k -#6
#2_4 y .k #2x+5
y .k -#7+2x
#3_4 #2x+y .k #4
#2y .k #8-4x
#4_4 ,a sy/em ( 3si/5t l9e> equ,ns 9 two
v>ia#s has ---- solu;n(s)_4
(a) #0 (b) #1 (c) #2 (d) at l1/ #1
#5_4 ,a sy/em ( 9consi/5t l9e> equ,ns 9
two v>ia#s has ----
,sample #d;d4
,algebra ,,ii ,*apt] #c ,te/
,solve ea* sy/em ( l9e> equa;ns if
possible4 ,/ate ! numb] ( solu;ns1 &
tell :e!r ! sy/em is 3si/5t or
9consi/5t4
#a4 #ex "6 #by "7 "-#d
#ex "- #by "7 "-#f
#b4 ;y "7 #bx "6 #e
;y "7 "-#g "6 #bx
#c4 #bx "6 ;y "7 #d
#by "7 #h "- #dx
#d4 ,a sy/em ( 3si/5t l9e> equa;ns 9 two
v>iables has ---- solu;n"<s">4
"<a"> #j
"<;b"> #a
"<;c"> #b
"<;d"> at l1/ #a
#e4 ,a sy/em ( 9consi/5t l9e> equa;ns 9
two v>iables has ---- #age
solu;n(s)_4
(a) #0 (b) #1 (c) #2 (d) at l1/ #1
#6_4 ,graph ! sy/em ( l9e> 9equalities &
9dicate ! solu;n 0an approv$ me?od4
y .1: -#3x-1
y "k ?1/2#x+3
#7_4 ,9 a l9e> programm+ pro#m1 an
9equal;y t models a limit,n is call$
a(n)
(a) solu;n
(b) objective func;n
(c) 3/ra9t
(d) f1si# region
#8_4 ,! ---- 3ta9s ! possi# solu;ns 6a
l9e> programm+ pro#m4
(a) optimal solu;n
(b) f1si# region
(c) 3/ra9t
solu;n"<s">4
"<a"> #j
"<;b"> #a
"<;c"> #b
"<;d"> at l1/ #a
#f4 ,graph ! sy/em ( l9e> 9equalities &
9dicate ! solu;n by an approv$ me?od4
y_@>"-#cx"-#a
y@<#a/bx"6#c
#g4 ,9 a l9e> programm+ problem1 an
9equal;y t models a limita;n is
call$ a"<n">
"<a"> solu;n
"<;b"> objective func;n
"<;c"> 3/ra9t
"<;d"> f1sible region
#h4 ,! ---- 3ta9s ! possible solu;ns to
a l9e> programm+ problem4
"<a"> optimal solu;n
"<;b"> f1sible region
"<;c"> 3/ra9t
#agg
,sample #4e_4
,a ,sample ,>ticle
,,ab/ract4 ,? >ticle illu/rates _m
f1tures (a ma!matics docu;t cr1t$ )
.,sci5tific .,notebook4
,ma!matics & ,text
,let ;,h 2 a ,hilb]t space1 ;,c 2 a
clos$ b.d$ 3vex subset ( ;,h, ;,t a
nonexpansive self map ( ;,c_4 ,suppose t
as n $o ,=, a;n[k $o #0 = ea* ;k, &
.g;n
.k .,s;k ;.k #0^,="(a;n[k+1"-a;n[k")^+
$o #0_4 ,!n = ea* ;x 9 ;,c,
,a;n"x .k .,s;k ;.k #0^,="a;n[k",t^k"x
3v]ges w1kly 6a fix$ po9t ( ;,t_4
,in-l9e & ,4play$ ,ma!matics
,! equ,n
#1 u;tt"-.,du+u^5"+uu^p-2 .k #0 9
_;,r^3"@*@(0, ,=@(
is numb]$ & x al wd h ! label
,sample #d;e4
,a ,sample ,>ticle
^1,ab/ract4 ,? >ticle illu/rates _m
f1tures ( a ma!matics docu;t cr1t$ )
.7,sci5tific ,notebook4.
,ma!matics & ,text
,let ;,h 2 a ,hilb]t space1 ;,c 2 a
clos$ b.d$ 3vex subset ( ;,h1 ;,t a
nonexpansive self map ( ;,c4 ,suppose t
z ;;;n o #=1 a5<n1k> o #j; = ea* ;k1 &
;;;.g5n
"7 ,.s5<k"7#j>9#=
"<a5<n1k"6#a> "- a5<n1k>">9"6 o #j4;
,!n = ea* ;x 9 ;,c1
;;;,a5nx "7 ,.s5<k"7#j>9#=a5<n1k>,t9kx;
3v]ges w1kly to a fix$ po9t ( ;,t4
,9-l9e & ,4play$ ,ma!matics
,! equa;n
#a ;;;u5<tt>"-,.du"6u9#e
"6u_u_9<p"-#b>
"7 #j in ^2,r9#c"8.<#j1#=.<;
is numb]$ & x al wd h ! label #agi
8wave04 ,y c use ? label 6jump 6? equ,n
us+ hyp]text l9ks4
,multi-,l9e ,4plays
.,sci5tific .,notebook provides a
range ( align;t op;ns = multil9e
ma!matical 4plays4 ,"h is a s]ies (
multil9e 4plays4
#2 x .k #17y
#3
y .1 a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l+m+n+o+p
x "k@"k] y1+ ''' +y;n
"k: z
,if f(x) .k x+1, !n we w h
f(@(x+1@)_/@(x+2@))
.k .(@(x+1@)_/@(x+2@).)+1
.k (2x+3)_/(x+2)
#1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15
+16+17+18+19+20
.k #190
,,5d ,,( ,,t1*+ ,,mat]ial
,,9 ,,neme? ,,code
8wave04 ,y c use ? label to jump to ?
equa;n us+ hyp]text l9ks4
,multi-,l9e ,4plays
.7,sci5tific ,notebook. provides a
range ( align;t op;ns = multil9e
ma!matical 4plays4 ,"h is a s]ies (
multil9e 4plays4
#b ;x "7 #agy
#c ;y
@>a"6b"6c"6d"6e"6f"6g"6h"6i"6j"6k"6l
"6m"6n"6o"6p
;;x.@<y5#a"6444"6y5n
_@<z
,if f"<x"> "7 ;x "6 #a1 !n we w h
f"<.<x"6#a.>_/.<x"6#b.>">
"7 _<.<x"6#a.>_/.<x"6#b.>_>"6#a
"7 "<#bx"6#c">_/"<x"6#b">
#a"6#b"6#c"6#d"6#e"6#f"6#g"6#h"6#i
"6#aj"6#aa"6#ab"6#ac"6#ad"6#ae"6#af
"6#ag"6#ah"6#ai"6#bj
"7 #aij
,,,5d ( t1*+ mat]ial 9 uebc,
#aha
,sample #e4
,-put]
,? sample is transcrib$ us+ ..,code =
,-put] ,brl ,not,n .#aihg 7on left h&
pages7 &! ,unifi$ ,5gli% ,brl ,code z (
,june #bjja 7on "r h& pages74
,-;t l9es 9 programs 2g9 ) apo/rophes4
,^? : >e pr9t$ at ! 5d (a l9e ( code >e
brld on ! foll[+ l9e 9 cell #e4 ,^? : >e
pr9t$ at ! 2g9n+ (a l9e >e brld z pr9t$4
,a "r-po9t+ >r[ is us$ z a pr9t l9e-
3t9u,n 9dicator 6%[ t a l9e ( code
3t9ues f "o l9e 6! next4 ,? is omitt$ 9
brl4
,items 9 italic 9dicate placehold]s =
9=m,n suppli$ 0! r1d]4
,items 9side squ>e brackets >e op;nal4
,sans s]if font is us$ 9 pr9t =
pres5t+ sample code4
#ahc
,-put] ,sample 9 ,,cbc
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,,cbc ,symbols
_+ 2g9 ,-put] ,brl ,code
_: 5d ,-put] ,brl ,code
_ 7#def7 %ift 9dicator
_> caps lock 9dicator
_< caps rel1se 9dicator
_* 2g9 emphasis
_/ 5d emphasis
_! transcrib]'s op;n symbol3 2g9 italic
type )9 ! ,-put] ,brl ,code
_: t]m9,n 9dicator3 5d italic type )9 !
,-put] ,brl ,code
_& 3t9u,n 9dicator
_ 7#def7 isolat$ l[]-cell 9dicator
,' 7#f1 #c7 transcrib]'s note symbol
77 7#bcef1 #bcef7 brl ref];e 9dicator2
us$ 6m>k a m>g9al note
. 7#df7 p]iod
... 7#df1 #df1 #df7 ellipsis
, 7#f7 -ma
,-put] ,sample ,9 ,,uebc
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,,uebc ,symbols
.=^1 bold ^w
.=^7 2g9 bold passage
.=^ 72f a space7 5d bold passage
.=.1 italic ^w
.=.7 2g9 italic passage
.=.' 5d italic
.=. 72f a space7 5d italic passage
.=" 7at 5d ( l9e7 3t9u,n 9dicator
.="" 7at 5d ( l9e7 3t9u,n 9dicator )a
space
.=;;; 2g9 grade "o passage
.=; 72f a space7 5d grade "o passage
.=,,, 2g9 capitaliz$ passage
.=,' 5d capitals )9 a sequ;e
.=, 72f a space7 5d capitaliz$ passage
.=444 ellipsis
.="7 equal sign
.="6 plus sign
.=@> grt] ?an sign
.=@< less ?an sign
#ahe
,,cbc ,symbols 73t47
" 7#e7 d# quote
' 7#c7 s+le quote1 apo/rophe
= equal sign
> grt] ?an sign
< less ?an sign
+ plus sign
( op5+ p>5!sis
) clos+ p>5!sis
[ op5+ bracket
] clos+ bracket
__ 7#def1 #def7 "uscore
& amp]s&
! exclam,n po9t
; 7#ef7 semicolon
$ doll> sign
? "q m>k
: colon
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
,,uebc ,symbols 73t47
.="< op5+ p>5!sis
.="> clos+ p>5!sis
.=.< op5+ bracket
.=.> clos+ bracket
.=,7 nondirec;nal d# quote
.=' nondirec;nal s+le quote1 apo/rophe
.=.- "uscore
.=@& amp]s&
.=@.r regi/]$ symbol 7circl$ ;,r7
.=_4 bullet
.=@s doll> sign
.=,- da%
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
#ahg
,us+ ! _+_seek_: ,me?od b#beg
,',in ? transcrip;n1 boldface type
)9 ! ,-put] ,brl ,code is %[n )9 !
emphasis 9dicators 7#def1 #af7 &
7#def1 #cd74 ,italic type )9 !
,-put] ,brl ,code is %[n )9 !
transcrib]'s op;n symbol
7#def1 #bcdf7 &! t]m9,n 9dicator
7#def1 #aef74,'
,y use ! _*_seek_/_: me?od 6locate a
record 9 a ta#-type _*_recordset_/_:4
,6locate a record 9 a dynaset or
snap%ot1 use "o (! _+_find_: me?ods
describ$ 9 ! prec$+ sec;n4 ,:5 y use
_*_seek_/_: 6locate a record1 ,a3ess
,basic uses ! ta#'s curr5t 9dex1 z def9$
0! _*_index_/_: prop]ty4
77 ,= m 9=m,n ab sett+ ! curr5t
9dex1 se>* _+_help_: = 8curr5t 9dex0
or see 8,sort+ a ,recordset0 e>li] 9
? *apt]4
,! syntax =! _*_seek_/_: me?od is3
_!table_:._*_seek_/ _!comparison, _&
key1, key2 ..._:
,us+ ! ,seek ,me?od b#beg
,y use ! ^1,seek me?od to locate a
record 9 a table-type ^1,recordset4 ,to
locate a record 9 a dynaset or snap%ot1
use "o ( ! ,f9d me?ods describ$ 9 !
prec$+ sec;n4 ,:5 y use ^1,seek to
locate a record1 ,a3ess ,basic uses !
table's curr5t 9dex1 z def9$ by !
^1,index prop]ty4
,= m 9=ma;n ab sett+ ! curr5t
9dex1 se>* ,help = 8curr5t 9dex0 or
see 8,sort+ a ,recordset0 e>li] 9 ?
*apt]4
,! syntax = ! ^1,seek me?od is3
.1table.'^14,seek .7comp>ison1 key#a1""
key#b. 444
#ahi
,! .ta# >gu;t is a recordset #beh
v>ia# t ref]s 6! ta# y >e se>*+ "?4 ,!
_*_seek_/_: me?od a3epts a numb] (
>gu;ts1 ! f/ ( : is .-p>ison1 a /r+ t
det]m9es ! k9d ( -p>ison t's p]=m$4 ,!
foll[+ ta# li/s ! -p>ison /r+s y c use )
_*_seek_/_:4
,-p>ison
/r+ ,descrip;n
"3333333 "33333333333333333333333333333
_+"="_: ,equal 6! specifi$ key values
_+">="_: ,grt] ?an or equal 6! specifi$
key values
_+">"_: ,grt] ?an ! specifi$ key
values
_+"<="_: ,less ?an or equal 6! specifi$
key values
_+"<"_: ,less ?an ! specifi$ key
values
,! .keyn >gu;ts >e a s]ies ( "o or m
values t ,a3ess ,basic -p>es 6values 9 !
ta# records4 ,! foll[+ example op5s a
ta# "nd _+_products_:1 &
,! .1table >gu;t is a recordset #beh
v>iable t ref]s to ! table y >e se>*+
"?4 ,! ^1,seek me?od a3epts a numb] (
>gu;ts1 ! f/ ( : is .1comp>ison1 a /r+ t
det]m9es ! k9d ( comp>ison t's p]=m$4 ,!
foll[+ table li/s ! comp>ison /r+s y c
use ) ^1,seek4
,comp>ison /r+ ,descrip;n
"3333333333333 "33333333333333333333333
8"70 """"""""" ,equal to ! specifi$ key
values
8@>"70 """"""" ,grt] ?an or equal to !
specifi$ key values
8@>0 """"""""" ,grt] ?an ! specifi$ key
values
8@<"70 """"""" ,less ?an or equal to !
specifi$ key values
8@<0 """"""""" ,less ?an ! specifi$ key
values
,! .1keyn >gu;ts >e a s]ies ( "o or m
values t ,a3ess ,basic comp>es to values
9 ! table records4 ,! foll[+ example
op5s a table "nd ,products1 & #aia
uses ! _*_seek_/_: me?od 6locate a#beh
! f/ record 3ta9+ a value ( #a 9 !
_+_supplier _>id_: field 7: is a
nonunique 9dex field74 ,x *anges #a 6#b
& saves ! *ange )! _*_update_/_: me?od4
,subsequ5t passes "? ! loop locate !
next record t satisfies ! 3di;n4
_dim _my_db _as _database, _my_table _&
_as _recordset
_set _my_db = _>dbe_<ngine._&
_workspaces(0)._databases(0)
_' _open _table.
_set _my_table = _my_db._open_&
_recordset("_products", _&
_>db__open__table)
_my_table._index = "_supplier _>id"
_' _define current index.
_my_table._seek "=", _1
_' _seek record.
_do _until _my_table._no_match
_' _until no record is found.
uses ! ^1,seek me?od to locate ! a#beh
f/ record 3ta9+ a value ( #a 9 !
,suppli] ,,id field "<: is a nonunique
9dex field">4 ,x *anges #a to #b & saves
! *ange ) ! ^1,update me?od4 ,subsequ5t
passes "? ! loop locate ! next record t
satisfies ! 3di;n4
;;;,dim ,my,db ,as ,database1""
,my,table ,as ,recordset
,set ,my,db "7 ,d,b,engine4,workspaces"
"<#j">4,databases"<#j">
' ,open ,table4
,set ,my,table "7 ,my,db4"
,open,recordset"<,7,products,71""
,,,db.-open.-table">,
,my,table4,index "7 ,7,supplier ,,id,7
' ,define current index4
,my,table4,seek ,7"7,71 #a
' ,seek record4
,do ,until ,my,table4,no,match
' ,until no record is found4 #aic
_my_table._edit b#beh
_' _enable editing.
_my_table("_supplier _>id") = _2
_' _change _supplier _>id.
_my_table._update
_' _save changes.
_my_table._seek "=", _1
_' _seek next record.
_loop
_' _end of loop.
_my_table._close
_' _close _table.
,my,table4,edit b#beh
' ,enable editing4
,my,table"<,7,supplier ,,id,7"> "7 #b
' ,change ,supplier ,,id4
,my,table4,update
' ,save changes4
,my,table4,seek ,7"7,71 #a
' ,seek next record4
,loop
' ,end of loop4
,my,table4,close
' ,close ,table4;
#aie
,if y use ! _*_seek_/_: me?od c#beh
on a _*_recordset_/_: object ( type ta#
)t f/ sett+ ! curr5t 9dex1 a run-"t
]ror o3urs4
,! next example illu/rates h[ y c
cr1te a func;n t uses ! _*_seek_/_:
me?od 6locate a record us+ a multiple-
field 9dex4
_function _get_first_price(_by_val _&
_order_>id _as _long, _by_val _&
_product_>id _as _long) _as _variant
------------------------------------#bei
_dim _my_db _as _database, _my_table _&
_as _recordset
_set _my_db = _>dbe_<ngine._&
_workspaces(0)._databases(0)
_set _my_table = _my_db._&
_open_recordset("_order _details", _&
_>db__open__table)
_my_table._index = "_primary_key"
_my_table._seek "=", _order_>id, _&
_product_>id
,if y use ! ^1,seek me?od on a c#beh
^1,recordset object ( type table )t f/
sett+ ! curr5t 9dex1 a run-"t ]ror
o3urs4
,! next example illu/rates h[ y c
cr1te a func;n t uses ! ^1,seek me?od to
locate a record us+ a multiple-field
9dex4
;;;,function ,get,first,price"<,by,val""
,order,,id ,as ,long1 ,by,val ,product"
,,id ,as ,long"> ,as ,variant
------------------------------------#bei
,dim ,my,db ,as ,database1 ,my,table""
,as ,recordset
,set ,my,db "7 ,d,b,engine4"
,workspaces"<#j">4,databases"<#j">
,set ,my,table "7 ,my,db4"
,open,recordset"<,7,order ,details,71"
,,,db.-open.-table">,
,my,table4,index "7 ,7,primary,key,7
,my,table4,seek ,7"7,71 ,order,,id1""
,product,,id #aig
a#bei
_if _my_table._no_match _then
_get_first_price = _null
_msg_box "_couldn't find order _&
detail record."
_else
_get_first_price = _my_table!_&
[_unit _price]
_end _if
_my_table._close
_my_db._close
_end _function
a#bei
,if ,my,table4,no,match ,then
,get,first,price "7 ,null
,msg,box ,7,couldn't find order""
detail record4,7
,else
,get,first,price "7 ,my,table6"
.<,unit ,price.>
,end ,if
,my,table4,close
,my,db4,close
,end ,function;
#aii
,9 ? example1 ! ta#'s prim>y b#bei
key 3si/s ( two fields1
_+_order _>id and _product _>id_:4 ,:5 y
call ! _+_get_first_price_: func;n )a
valid 7exi/+7 -b9,n (
_+_order _>id and _product _>id_: field
values1 ! func;n returns ! unit price f
! f.d record4 ,if ! desir$ -b9,n ( field
values c't 2 f.d 9 ! ta#1 ! func;n
returns _*_null_/_:4
,if ! curr5t 9dex is a multiple-field
9dex1 trail+ key value c 2 omitt$ & >e
tr1t$ z _*_null_/_:4 ,t is1 y c l1ve (f
any numb] ( key values f ! 5d (a
_*_seek_/_: me?od's .key >gu;t1 b n f !
2g9n+ or mi4le4
77 ,= m 9=m,n ab us+ ! _*_seek_/_:
me?od1 se>* _+_help_: = 8,seek04
,us+ ,bookm>ks ,9/1d ( ,record
,numb]s
,if y h us$ ano!r database or
programm+ 5viron;t1 y may 2 a3u/om$
6ref]r+ 6record numb]s4 ,= example1 y
may h writt5 code t op5s a text
,9 ? example1 ! table's prim>y b#bei
key 3si/s ( two fields1 ,ord] ,,id &
,product ,,id4 ,:5 y call !
,get,fir/,price func;n ) a valid
"<exi/+"> comb9a;n ( ,ord] ,,id &
,product ,,id field values1 ! func;n
returns ! unit price f ! f.d record4 ,if
! desir$ comb9a;n ( field values c't 2
f.d 9 ! table1 ! func;n returns ^1,null4
,if ! curr5t 9dex is a multiple-field
9dex1 trail+ key value c 2 omitt$ & >e
tr1t$ z ^1,null4 ,t is1 y c l1ve (f any
numb] ( key values f ! 5d ( a ^1,seek
me?od's .1key >gu;t1 b n f ! 2g9n+ or
middle4
,= m 9=ma;n ab us+ ! ^1,seek
me?od1 se>* ,help = 8,seek40
,us+ ,bookm>ks ,9/1d ( ,record
,numb]s
,if y h us$ ano!r database or
programm+ 5viron;t1 y may 2 a3u/om$ to
ref]r+ to record numb]s4 ,= example1 y
may h writt5 code t op5s a text
#bja
file & "!af ref]s 6specific c#bei
records 0_! relative posi;n 9 ! file4 ,!
f/ record 9 ! file wd 2 record #a1 !
second wd 2 record #b1 & s on4
,9 ,micros(t ,a3ess1 yr view ( records
is usu,y a subset (! records 9 an 5tire
ta#4 ,2c ! actual numb] ( records c
*ange at any "t1 especi,y 9 a multius]
5viron;t1 "!'s no absolute record numb]
y c use 6ref] 6a "picul> record4 ,9/1d1
y c use bookm>ks 6id5tify & !n return 6a
"picul> record4
,a bookm>k is a sy/em-g5]at$1 r&omly
cr1t$ /r+ t uniquely id5tifies ea*
record4 ,6save a bookm>k1 y assign !
value (! _+_bookmark_: prop]ty 6a /r+
v>ia#4 ,6return 6! record1 y set !
_+_bookmark_: prop]ty 6! value (! v>ia#4
------------------------------------#bfj
,! foll[+ example illu/rates h[ y c
use a bookm>k 6save ! curr5t record
posi;n & !n qkly return 6t record posi;n
if a f9d or seek op],n fails4 ,if !
op],n fails1 ! curr5t
file & "!af ref]s to specific c#bei
records by _! relative posi;n 9 ! file4
,! f/ record 9 ! file wd 2 record #a1 !
second wd 2 record #b1 & s on4
,9 ,micros(t ,a3ess1 yr view ( records
is usually a subset ( ! records 9 an
5tire table4 ,2c ! actual numb] (
records c *ange at any "t1 especially 9
a multius] 5viron;t1 "!'s no absolute
record numb] y c use to ref] to a
"picul> record4 ,9/1d1 y c use bookm>ks
to id5tify & !n return to a "picul>
record4
,a bookm>k is a sy/em-g5]at$1 r&omly
cr1t$ /r+ t uniquely id5tifies ea*
record4 ,to save a bookm>k1 y assign !
value ( ! ,bookm>k prop]ty to a /r+
v>iable4 ,to return to ! record1 y set !
,bookm>k prop]ty to ! value ( ! v>iable4
------------------------------------#bfj
,! foll[+ example illu/rates h[ y c
use a bookm>k to save ! curr5t record
posi;n & !n qkly return to t record
posi;n if a f9d or seek op]a;n fails4
,if ! op]a;n fails1 ! curr5t #bjc
record posi;n is undef9$4 a#bfj
_dim _my_db _as _database, _my_table _&
_as _recordset, _my_bookmark _as _&
_string
_set _my_db = _>dbe_<ngine._&
_workspaces(0)._databases(0)
_set _my_table = _my_db._&
_open_recordset("_customers", _&
_>db__open__table)
_my_table._index = "_company _name"
...
_my_bookmark = _my_table._bookmark
_my_table._seek ">=", "_z"
_if _my_table._no_match _then
_msg_box "_can't find a company _&
name starting with '_z'."
_my_table._bookmark = _my_bookmark
_end _if
_my_table._close
_my_db._close
record posi;n is undef9$4 a#bfj
;;;,dim ,my,db ,as ,database1""
,my,table ,as ,recordset1""
,my,bookmark ,as ,string
,set ,my,db "7 ,d,b,engine4"
,workspaces"<#j">4,databases"<#j">
,set ,my,table "7 ,my,db4"
,open,recordset"<,7,customers,71""
,,,db.-open.-table">,
,my,table4,index "7 ,7,company ,name,7
444
,my,bookmark "7 ,my,table4,bookmark
,my,table4,seek ,7@>"7,71 ,7,z,7
,if ,my,table4,no,match ,then
,msg,box ,7,can't find a company""
name starting with ',z'4,7
,my,table4,bookmark "7 ,my,bookmark
,end ,if
,my,table4,close
,my,db4,close; #bje
,9 ? example1 sav+ ! b#bfj
_+_bookmark_: prop]ty1 & !n resett+ !
_+_bookmark_: prop]ty 6xs previs value
:5 ! _*_seek_/_: me?od fails1 causes !
previsly curr5t record 6be ! curr5t
record ag4
,y c al use ! _+_bookmark_: prop]ty =!
dynaset us$ 0a =m4 ,? lets yr code m>k :
record is 4play$ on ! =m1 & 6*ange !
record 2+ 4play$1 0sett+ ! =m's
_+_bookmark_: prop]ty4 ,= example1 y c
add 6a =m 3ta9+ employee 9=m,n a button
t a us] c click 6%[ ! record = an
employee's sup]visor4 ,! foll[+ example
illu/rates ! func;n y c call f !
button's _+_click_: ev5t4
_function _show_supervisor() _as _&
_integer
_dim _my_form _as _form, _my_set _&
_as _recordset, _my_bookmark _as _&
_string
_set _my_form = _screen._active_form
,9 ? example1 sav+ ! ,bookm>k b#bfj
prop]ty1 & !n resett+ ! ,bookm>k prop]ty
to xs previs value :5 ! ^1,seek me?od
fails1 causes ! previsly curr5t record
to 2 ! curr5t record ag4
,y c al use ! ,bookm>k prop]ty = !
dynaset us$ by a =m4 ,? lets yr code m>k
: record is 4play$ on ! =m1 & to *ange !
record 2+ 4play$1 by sett+ ! =m's
,bookm>k prop]ty4 ,= example1 y c add to
a =m 3ta9+ employee 9=ma;n a button t a
us] c click to %[ ! record = an
employee's sup]visor4 ,! foll[+ example
illu/rates ! func;n y c call f !
button's ,click ev5t4
;;;,function ,show,supervisor"<"> ,as""
,integer
,dim ,my,form ,as ,form1 ,my,set ,as""
,recordset1 ,my,bookmark ,as ,string
,set ,my,form "7 ,screen4,active,form
#bjg
_set _my_set = _& c#bfj
_my_form._recordset._clone
_my_set._bookmark = _&
_my_form._bookmark
_my_set._find_first "[_employee _&
_>id] = _" & _my_set![_supervisor]
_if _my_set._no_match _then
_msg_box "_couldn't find _&
employee's supervisor."
_my_form._bookmark = _my_bookmark
_else
_my_form._bookmark = _&
_my_set._bookmark
_end _if
------------------------------------#bfa
_my_set._close
_my_db._close
_end _function
,set ,my,set "7"" c#bfj
,my,form4,recordset4,clone
,my,set4,bookmark "7""
,my,form4,bookmark
,my,set4,find,first ,7.<,employee""
,,id.> "7 ,7 @& ,my,set6.<,supervisor.>
,if ,my,set4,no,match ,then
,msg,box ,7,couldn't find""
employee's supervisor4,7
,my,form4,bookmark "7 ,my,bookmark
,else
,my,form4,bookmark "7""
,my,set4,bookmark
,end ,if
------------------------------------#bfa
,my,set4,close
,my,db4,close
,end ,function;
#bji
,"s atta*$ ta#s1 = example1 a#bfa
,p>adox regi/]$ ta#s t h no prim>y key1
may n support bookm>ks4 ,"!=e1 y c nei
use bookm>ks on s* ta#s1 nor use
bookm>ks on _*_recordset_/_: objects or
qu]ies bas$ on ^? ta#s4 ,h["e1 all
snap%ots support bookm>ks1 reg>d.s ( _!
"uly+ ta#s4 ,y c det]m9e :e!r a ta#
supports bookm>ks 0*eck+ ! value (!
_+_bookmarkable_: prop]ty1 z 9 ! foll[+
example4
_if _my_set._bookmarkable _then
_msg_box "_the underlying table _&
supports bookmarks."
_else
_msg_box "_the underlying table _&
doesn't support bookmarks."
_end _if
,if y try 6use bookm>ks on a
_*_recordset_/_: t doesn't support
bookm>ks1 a run-"t ]ror o3urs4
,:5 y close a _*_recordset_/_:1 any
bookm>ks y sav$ 2come 9valid4 ,y
,"s atta*$ tables1 = example1 a#bfa
,p>adox@.r tables t h no prim>y key1 may
n support bookm>ks4 ,"!=e1 y c nei use
bookm>ks on s* tables1 nor use bookm>ks
on ^1,recordset objects or qu]ies bas$
on ^? tables4 ,h["e1 all snap%ots
support bookm>ks1 reg>d.s ( _! "uly+
tables4 ,y c det]m9e :e!r a table
supports bookm>ks by *eck+ ! value ( !
,bookm>kable prop]ty1 z 9 ! foll[+
example4
;;;,if ,my,set4,bookmarkable ,then
,msg,box ,7,the underlying table""
supports bookmarks4,7
,else
,msg,box ,7,the underlying table""
doesn't support bookmarks4,7
,end ,if;
,if y try to use bookm>ks on a
^1,recordset t doesn't support bookm>ks1
a run-"t ]ror o3urs4
,:5 y close a ^1,recordset1 any
bookm>ks y sav$ 2come 9valid4 ,y #baa
c't use a bookm>k obta9$ f "o b#bfa
_*_recordset_/_: 9 ano!r
_*_recordset_/_:1 ev5 if bo?
_*_recordset_/_: objects >e bas$ on !
same "uly+ ta# or qu]y4 ,a run-"t ]ror
o3urs if y try 6%>e bookm>ks 2t
_*_recordset_/_: objects4 ,h["e1 y c use
a bookm>k on ! duplicate 7cl"o7 (a
_*_recordset_/_: z ! foll[+ example %[s4
c't use a bookm>k obta9$ f "o b#bfa
^1,recordset 9 ano!r ^1,recordset1 ev5
if bo? ^1,recordset objects >e bas$ on !
same "uly+ table or qu]y4 ,a run-"t ]ror
o3urs if y try to %>e bookm>ks 2t
^1,recordset objects4 ,h["e1 y c use a
bookm>k on ! duplicate "<cl"o"> ( a
^1,recordset z ! foll[+ example %[s4
#bac
_dim _my_db _as _database c#bfa
_dim _orig_recordset _as _recordset, _&
_dup_recordset _as _recordset
_dim _placeholder _as _string
_set _my_db = _>dbe_<ngine._&
_workspaces(0)._databases(0)
_' _create first _recordset.
_set _orig_recordset = _&
_my_db._open_recordset_&
("_orders",_>db__open__dynaset)
_placeholder = _orig_recordset._bookmark
_' _save current record position.
_set _dup_recordset = _&
_orig_recordset._clone()
_' _create duplicate _recordset.
_dup_recordset._bookmark = _placeholder
_' _go to same record.
;;;,dim ,my,db ,as ,database c#bfa
,dim ,orig,recordset ,as ,recordset1""
,dup,recordset ,as ,recordset
,dim ,placeholder ,as ,string
,set ,my,db "7 ,d,b,engine4"
,workspaces"<#j">4,databases"<#j">
' ,create first ,recordset4
,set ,orig,recordset "7""
,my,db4,open,recordset"
"<,7,orders,71,,,db.-open.-dynaset">,
,placeholder "7""
,orig,recordset4,bookmark
' ,save current record position4
,set ,dup,recordset "7""
,orig,recordset4,clone"<">
' ,create duplicate ,recordset4
,dup,recordset4,bookmark "7 ,placeholder
' ,go to same record4;
#bae
,*ang+ ,records d#bfa
,once y've cr1t$ a recordset v>ia# (
ta# or dynaset type1 y c *ange1 delete1
or add new records4 ,y c't *ange1
delete1 or add records 6a snap%ot-type
_*_recordset_/_: object4 ,? sec;n
pres5ts ! me?ods & proc$ures = *ang+
data 9 ta#- & dynaset-type
_*_recordset_/_: objects4
------------------------------------#bfb
,modify+ an ,exi/+ ,record
,*ang+ an exi/+ record 9 a recordset
v>ia# is a fr-/ep process3
,f/1 g 6! desir$ record4
,second1 use ! _*_edit_/_: me?od 6prep>e
! curr5t record = $it+4
,?ird1 make ! nec *anges 6! record4
,fr?1 use ! _*_update_/_: me?od 6save !
*anges 6! curr5t record4
,! foll[+ example illu/rates h[ 6*ange
! job titles = all sales repres5tatives
9 a ta# "nd
,*ang+ ,records d#bfa
,once y've cr1t$ a recordset v>iable (
table or dynaset type1 y c *ange1
delete1 or add new records4 ,y c't
*ange1 delete1 or add records to a
snap%ot-type ^1,recordset object4 ,?
sec;n pres5ts ! me?ods & proc$ures =
*ang+ data 9 table- & dynaset-type
^1,recordset objects4
------------------------------------#bfb
,modify+ an ,exi/+ ,record
,*ang+ an exi/+ record 9 a recordset
v>iable is a fr-/ep process3
_4 ,f/1 g to ! desir$ record4
_4 ,second1 use ! ^1,edit me?od to
prep>e ! curr5t record = $it+4
_4 ,?ird1 make ! nec *anges to ! record4
_4 ,fr?1 use ! ^1,update me?od to save
! *anges to ! curr5t record4
,! foll[+ example illu/rates h[ to
*ange ! job titles = all sales
repres5tatives 9 a table "nd #bag
_+_employees_:4 a#bfb
_set _my_db = _>dbe_<ngine._&
_workspaces(0)._databases(0)
_set _my_set = _my_db._&
_open_recordset("_employees")
_my_set._move_first
_do _until _my_set._>eof
_if _my_set![_title] = _&
"_sales _representative" _then
_my_set._edit
_my_set![_title] = _&
"_account _executive"
_my_set._update
_end _if
_my_set._move_next
_loop
_my_set._close
_my_db._close
,if y don't use ! _*_edit_/_: me?od 2f
y try 6*ange a value 9 ! curr5t record1
a run-"t ]ror o3urs4
,employees4 a#bfb
;;;,set ,my,db "7 ,d,b,engine4"
,workspaces"<#j">4,databases"<#j">
,set ,my,set "7 ,my,db4"
,open,recordset"<,7,employees,7">
,my,set4,move,first
,do ,until ,my,set4,,eof
,if ,my,set6.<,title.> "7 ,7,sales""
,representative,7 ,then
,my,set4,edit
,my,set6.<,title.> "7 ,7,account""
,executive,7
,my,set4,update
,end ,if
,my,set4,move,next
,loop
,my,set4,close
,my,db4,close;
,if y don't use ! ^1,edit me?od 2f y
try to *ange a value 9 ! curr5t record1
a run-"t ]ror o3urs4 #bai
77777777777777777777777777777777 b#bfb
.,important ,if y *ange ! curr5t
record1 & !n move 6ano!r record or close
! _*_recordset_/_: )t f/ us+ !
_*_update_/_: me?od1 yr *anges >e lo/
)t w>n+4 ,= example1 omitt+ !
_*_update_/_: me?od f ! prec$+ example
results 9 no *anges 2+ made 6!
_+_employees_: ta#4
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
,dynaset-type _*_recordset_/_: objects
c 2 bas$ on a multiple-ta# qu]y1 )! qu]y
(t5 imple;t+ a "o-to-_m rel,n%ip4 ,=
example1 suppose y want 6cr1te a
multiple-ta# qu]y t -b9es fields f !
_+_orders and _order _details_: ta#s4
,norm,y1 y >e prev5t$ f *ang+ values 9 !
_+_orders_: ta# 2c x's on ! 8"o0 side (!
rel,n%ip4 ,dep5d+ on yr applic,n1 h["e1
y may want 6all[ *anges 6! _+_orders_:
ta#4 ,6all[ *anges 6! 8"o0 side (a "o-
to-_m rel,n%ip1 y c use !
_*_open_recordset_/_: me?od's
_>db__inconsistent_: 3/ant 6cr1te an
77777777777777777777777777777777 b#bfb
^1,important ,if y *ange ! curr5t
record1 & !n move to ano!r record or
close ! ^1,recordset )t f/ us+ !
^1,update me?od1 yr *anges >e lo/ )t
w>n+4 ,= example1 omitt+ ! ^1,update
me?od f ! prec$+ example results 9 no
*anges 2+ made to ! ,employees table4
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
,dynaset-type ^1,recordset objects c 2
bas$ on a multiple-table qu]y1 ) ! qu]y
(t5 imple;t+ a "o-to-_m rela;n%ip4 ,=
example1 suppose y want to cr1te a
multiple-table qu]y t comb9es fields f !
,ord]s & ,ord] ,details tables4
,normally1 y >e prev5t$ f *ang+ values 9
! ,ord]s table 2c x's on ! 8"o0 side ( !
rela;n%ip4 ,dep5d+ on yr applica;n1
h["e1 y may want to all[ *anges to !
,ord]s table4 ,to all[ *anges to ! 8"o0
side ( a "o-to-_m rela;n%ip1 y c use !
^1,open,recordset me?od's
,,,db.-inconsistent, 3/ant to cr1te an
#bba
.9consi/5t dynaset4 ,? all[s y #bfc
6freely *ange values on ! 8"o0 side (!
rel,n%ip4
_set _my_set = _my_db._open_recordset_&
("_sales _totals", _>db__inconsistent)
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
.,important ,:5 y update an 9consi/5t
dynaset1 y c easily de/roy ! rel,nal
9tegr;y (! data 9 ! dynaset4 ,y m/ take
c>e 6"u/& h[ ! data is relat$ acr ! "o-
to-_m rel,n%ip & update ! values on bo?
sides 9 a way t pres]ves data 9tegr;y4
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
,! _>db__inconsistent_: op;n is
availa# only = dynaset-type
_*_recordset_/_: objects4 ,x's ignor$ =
ta#- & snap%ot-types4
,ev5 ) an 9consi/5t _*_recordset_/_:1
"s fields may n 2 updata#4 ,= example1 y
c't *ange ! value (a _+_counter_: field1
&a _*_recordset_/_: bas$ on c]ta9 atta*$
.19consi/5t dynaset4 ,? all[s y #bfc
to freely *ange values on ! 8"o0 side (
! rela;n%ip4
;;;,set ,my,set "7 ,my,db4"
,open,recordset"<,7,sales ,totals,71""
,,,db.-inconsistent,'">;
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
^1,important ,:5 y update an 9consi/5t
dynaset1 y c easily de/roy ! rela;nal
9tegr;y ( ! data 9 ! dynaset4 ,y m/ take
c>e to "u/& h[ ! data is relat$ acr !
"o-to-_m rela;n%ip & update ! values on
bo? sides 9 a way t pres]ves data
9tegr;y4
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
,! ,,,db.-inconsistent, op;n is
available only = dynaset-type
^1,recordset objects4 ,x's ignor$ =
table- & snap%ot-types4
,ev5 ) an 9consi/5t ^1,recordset1 "s
fields may n 2 updatable4 ,= example1 y
c't *ange ! value ( a ,c.t] field1 & a
^1,recordset bas$ on c]ta9 atta*$ #bbc
ta#s may n 2 updata#4 a#bfc
,delet+ an ,exi/+ ,record
,y c delete an exi/+ record 9 a ta#-
or dynaset-type _*_recordset_/_: us+ !
_*_delete_/_: me?od4 ,y c't delete
records f a snap%ot-type
_*_recordset_/_:4 ,! foll[+ example
deletes all ! records = tra9ees 9 a ta#
"nd _+_employees_:4
tables may n 2 updatable4 a#bfc
,delet+ an ,exi/+ ,record
,y c delete an exi/+ record 9 a table-
or dynaset-type ^1,recordset us+ !
^1,delete me?od4 ,y c't delete records f
a snap%ot-type ^1,recordset4 ,! foll[+
example deletes all ! records = tra9ees
9 a table "nd ,employees4
#bbe
_dim _my_db _as _database, _& b#bfc
_my_set _as _recordset
_set _my_db = _>dbe_<ngine._&
_workspaces(0)._databases(0)
_set _my_set = _&
_my_db._open_recordset("_employees")
_my_set._move_first
_do _until _my_set._>eof
_if _my_set![_title] = _&
"_trainee" _then
_my_set._delete
_end _if
_my_set._move_next
_loop
_my_set._close
_my_db._close
,:5 y use ! _*_delete_/_: me?od1
,micros(t ,a3ess immly deletes ! curr5t
record1 )t any w>n+ or prompt+4 ,delet+
a record doesn't automatic,y cause !
next record 62come ! curr5t
;;;,dim ,my,db ,as ,database1"" b#bfc
,my,set ,as ,recordset
,set ,my,db "7 ,d,b,engine4"
,workspaces"<#j">4,databases"<#j">
,set ,my,set "7 ,my,db4,open,recordset"
"<,7,employees,7">
,my,set4,move,first
,do ,until ,my,set4,,eof
,if ,my,set6.<,title.> "7""
,7,trainee,7 ,then
,my,set4,delete
,end ,if
,my,set4,move,next
,loop
,my,set4,close
,my,db4,close;
,:5 y use ! ^1,delete me?od1 ,micros(t
,a3ess immly deletes ! curr5t record1
)t any w>n+ or prompt+4 ,delet+ a
record doesn't automatically cause !
next record to 2come ! curr5t #bbg
record2 6move 6! next record y c#bfc
m/ use ! _*_move_next_/_: me?od4
77 ,= m details on ! _*_delete_/_:
me?od1 se>* _+_help_: = 8,delete40
------------------------------------#bfd
,a4+ a ,new ,record
,a4+ a new record 6a dynaset- or ta#-
type _*_recordset_/_: is a ?ree-/ep
process3
,f/1 use ! _*_add_new_/_: me?od 6prep>e
a new record = $it+4
,second1 assign values 6ea* (! record's
fields4
,?ird1 use ! _*_update_/_: me?od 6save !
new record4
,! foll[+ example a4s a new record 6a
ta# "nd _+_shippers_:4
record2 to move to ! next record c#bfc
y m/ use ! ^1,move,next me?od4
,= m details on ! ^1,delete me?od1
se>* ,help = 8,delete40
------------------------------------#bfd
,add+ a ,new ,record
,add+ a new record to a dynaset- or
table-type ^1,recordset is a ?ree-/ep
process3
_4 ,f/1 use ! ^1,add,new me?od to prep>e
a new record = $it+4
_4 ,second1 assign values to ea* ( !
record's fields4
_4 ,?ird1 use ! ^1,update me?od to save
! new record4
,! foll[+ example adds a new record to
a table "nd ,%ipp]s4
#bbi
_dim _my_db _as _database, _& a#bfd
_my_set _as _recordset
_set _my_db = _>dbe_<ngine._&
_workspaces(0)._databases(0)
_set _my_set = _my_db._open_recordset_&
("_shippers")
_my_set._add_new
_my_set![_company _name] = "_global _&
_parcel _service"
...
_' _set remaining fields.
_my_set._update
_my_set._close
_my_db._close
,:5 y use ! _*_add_new_/_: me?od1
,micros(t ,a3ess prep>es a new1 blank
record & makes x ! curr5t record4 ,:5 y
use ! _*_update_/_: me?od 6save ! new
record1 ! record t 0 curr5t 2f y us$
_*_add_new_/_: 2comes ! curr5t record
ag4 ,! new record's posi;n 9 !
;;;,dim ,my,db ,as ,database1"" a#bfd
,my,set ,as ,recordset
,set ,my,db "7 ,d,b,engine4"
,workspaces"<#j">4,databases"<#j">
,set ,my,set "7 ,my,db4,open,recordset"
"<,7,shippers,7">
,my,set4,add,new
,my,set6.<,company ,name.> "7""
,7,global ,parcel ,service,7
444
' ,set remaining fields4
,my,set4,update
,my,set4,close
,my,db4,close;
,:5 y use ! ^1,add,new me?od1
,micros(t ,a3ess prep>es a new1 blank
record & makes x ! curr5t record4 ,:5 y
use ! ^1,update me?od to save ! new
record1 ! record t 0 curr5t 2f y us$
^1,add,new 2comes ! curr5t record ag4 ,!
new record's posi;n 9 ! #bca
_*_recordset_/_: dep5ds on :e!r b#bfd
y a4$ ! record 6a dynaset- or a ta#-type
_*_recordset_/_:4
,if y add a record 6a dynaset-type
_*_recordset_/_:1 ! new record appe>s at
! 5d (! _*_recordset_/_:1 no matt] h[ !
_*_recordset_/_: is sort$4 ,6=ce ! new
record 6appe> 9 xs prop]ly sort$ posi;n1
ei recr1te ! _*_recordset_/_: or cr1te a
second _*_recordset_/_: bas$ on !
orig9al4
,if y add a record 6a ta#-type
_*_recordset_/_:1 ! record appe>s
posi;n$ ac 6! curr5t 9dex1 or at ! 5d (!
ta# if "! is no prim>y key & no curr5t
9dex4
^1,recordset dep5ds on :e!r y b#bfd
add$ ! record to a dynaset- or a table-
type ^1,recordset4
,if y add a record to a dynaset-type
^1,recordset1 ! new record appe>s at !
5d ( ! ^1,recordset1 no matt] h[ !
^1,recordset is sort$4 ,to =ce ! new
record to appe> 9 xs prop]ly sort$
posi;n1 ei recr1te ! ^1,recordset or
cr1te a second ^1,recordset bas$ on !
orig9al4
,if y add a record to a table-type
^1,recordset1 ! record appe>s posi;n$ ac
to ! curr5t 9dex1 or at ! 5d ( ! table
if "! is no prim>y key & no curr5t 9dex4
#bcc
77777777777777777777777777777777 c#bfd
.,important ,if y use ! _*_add_new_/_:
me?od 6add a new record1 & !n move
6ano!r record or close !
_*_recordset_/_: )t f/ us+ !
_*_update_/_: me?od1 yr *anges >e lo/
)t w>n+4 ,= example1 omitt+ !
_*_update_/_: me?od f ! prec$+ example
results 9 no *anges 2+ made 6!
_+_shippers_: ta#4
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
77 ,= a4i;nal 9=m,n on !
_*_add_new_/_: me?od1 se>* _+_help_:
= 8,add,new40
------------------------------------#bfe
,mak+ ,bulk ,*anges
,_m (! *anges y mi<t o!rwise p]=m 9 a
loop c 2 d"o m e6ici5tly ) an update or
delete qu]y4 ,= example1 ! task ( *ang+
all ! job titles = sales repres5tatives1
illu/rat$ 9 s"eal previs examples
0loop+ "? ea* employee's record &
9spect+ ! exi/+ job title1 c 2 qkly
a3ompli%$ 0an update qu]y4
77777777777777777777777777777777 c#bfd
^1,important ,if y use ! ^1,add,new
me?od to add a new record1 & !n move to
ano!r record or close ! ^1,recordset )t
f/ us+ ! ^1,update me?od1 yr *anges >e
lo/ )t w>n+4 ,= example1 omitt+ !
^1,update me?od f ! prec$+ example
results 9 no *anges 2+ made to ! ,%ipp]s
table4
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
,= addi;nal 9=ma;n on ! ^1,add,new
me?od1 se>* ,help = 8,add,new40
------------------------------------#bfe
,mak+ ,bulk ,*anges
,_m ( ! *anges y mi<t o!rwise p]=m 9 a
loop c 2 d"o m e6ici5tly ) an update or
delete qu]y4 ,= example1 ! task ( *ang+
all ! job titles = sales repres5tatives1
illu/rat$ 9 s"eal previs examples by
loop+ "? ea* employee's record & 9spect+
! exi/+ job title1 c 2 qkly a3ompli%$ by
an update qu]y4
#bce
_dim _my_db _as _database, _& a#bfe
_my_query _as _query_def
_set _my_db = _>dbe_<ngine._&
_workspaces(0)._databases(0)
_set _my_query = _my_db._&
_create_query_def()
_my_query._name = "_change _job _titles"
_' _create query.
_my_query._>sql = "_>update _&
_>distinctrow _employees _>set _&
_employees!_title = '_account _&
_executive' _>where _employees!_&
_title = '_sales _representative';"
_' _set _>sql property.
_my_db._query_defs._append _my_query
_my_query._execute
_' _invoke query.
_my_query._close
_' _close query.
_my_db._query_defs._delete _&
_my_query._name
_' _delete query.
;;;,dim ,my,db ,as ,database1"" a#bfe
,my,query ,as ,query,def
,set ,my,db "7 ,d,b,engine4"
,workspaces"<#j">4,databases"<#j">
,set ,my,query "7 ,my,db4"
,create,query,def"<">
,my,query4,name "7 ,7,change ,job""
,titles,7
' ,create query4
,my,query4,,sql "7 ,7,,,update""
distinctrow, ,employees ,,set""
,employees6,title "7 ',account""
,executive' ,,where ,employees6,title""
"7 ',sales ,representative'2,7
' ,set ,,sql property4
,my,db4,query,defs4,append ,my,query
,my,query4,execute
' ,invoke query4
,my,query4,close
' ,close query4
,my,db4,query,defs4,delete""
,my,query4,name
' ,delete query4; #bcg
,dep5d+ on yr task1 y may al b#bfe
f9d a delete qu]y is m e6ici5t ?an code
t loops "? records look+ = records
6delete4
,us+ ,transac;ns 6,3trol ,*anges
,(t51 65=ce data 9tegr;y1 a set (
op],ns m/ 2 3sid]$ z a s+le unit4 ,=
example1 ! transf] ( funds f "o bank
a3.t 6ano!r 3si/s ( two op],ns3 5t]+ a
debit 9 "o a3.t &a mat*+ cr$it 9 ! o!r
a3.t4 ,9 practice1 ei bo? op],ns m/
su3e$ or nei op],n %d 2 process$4
,9 ? situ,n1 ! debit & cr$it op],ns >e
a s+le unit1 or a .transac;n4 ,9
,micros(t ,a3ess1 a transac;n is a set (
op],ns t >e .-mitt$ 7sav$7 if & only if
all (! op],ns su3e$4 ,if any (! op],ns
fails1 all (! op],ns t su3e$$ >e .roll$
.back 7c.el$71 &! data is return$ 6!
/ate x 0 9 2f ! transac;n 2gan4
,a3ess ,basic supports ?ree transac;n
me?ods3 "o = />t+1 "o = -mitt+1
,dep5d+ on yr task1 y may al b#bfe
f9d a delete qu]y is m e6ici5t ?an code
t loops "? records look+ = records to
delete4
,us+ ,transac;ns to ,3trol ,*anges
,(t51 to 5=ce data 9tegr;y1 a set (
op]a;ns m/ 2 3sid]$ z a s+le unit4 ,=
example1 ! transf] ( funds f "o bank
a3.t to ano!r 3si/s ( two op]a;ns3 5t]+
a debit 9 "o a3.t & a mat*+ cr$it 9 !
o!r a3.t4 ,9 practice1 ei bo? op]a;ns m/
su3e$ or nei op]a;n %d 2 process$4
,9 ? situa;n1 ! debit & cr$it op]a;ns
>e a s+le unit1 or a .1transac;n4 ,9
,micros(t ,a3ess1 a transac;n is a set (
op]a;ns t >e .1committ$ "<sav$"> if &
only if all ( ! op]a;ns su3e$4 ,if any (
! op]a;ns fails1 all ( ! op]a;ns t
su3e$$ >e .7roll$ back. "<c.el$">1 & !
data is return$ to ! /ate x 0 9 2f !
transac;n 2gan4
,a3ess ,basic supports ?ree transac;n
me?ods3 "o = />t+1 "o = committ+1 #bci
& "o = roll+ back a transac;n3 c#bfe
,! _*_begin_trans_/_: me?od 2g9s a new
transac;n4
,! _*_commit_trans_/_: me?od -mits all
*anges made 6data s9ce ! mo/ rec5t
_*_begin_trans_/_: me?od4
------------------------------------#bff
,! _*_rollback_/_: me?od rolls back1 or
c.els1 all *anges made 6data s9ce !
mo/ rec5t _*_begin_trans_/_: me?od4
_*_begin_trans, _commit_trans_/, and
_*_rollback_/_: >e all me?ods (!
_*_workspace_/_: object4
,! foll[+ example *anges ! job title (
all sales repres5tatives 9 !
_+_employees_: ta# (! curr5t database4
,af ! _*_begin_trans_/_: me?od />ts a
transac;n t isolates all ! *anges made
6! _+_employees_: ta#1 !
_*_commit_trans_/_: me?od saves !
*anges4 ,notice t y c use !
_*_rollback_/_: me?od 6undo *anges t y
sav$ )! _*_update_/_: me?od4
& "o = roll+ back a transac;n3 c#bfe
_4 ,! ^1,begin,trans me?od 2g9s a new
transac;n4
_4 ,! ^1,commit,trans me?od commits all
*anges made to data s9ce ! mo/ rec5t
^1,begin,trans me?od4
------------------------------------#bff
_4 ,! ^1,rollback me?od rolls back1 or
c.els1 all *anges made to data s9ce !
mo/ rec5t ^1,begin,trans me?od4
^7,begin,trans1 ,commit,trans1^ &
^1,rollback >e all me?ods ( !
^1,workspace object4
,! foll[+ example *anges ! job title (
all sales repres5tatives 9 ! ,employees
table ( ! curr5t database4 ,af !
^1,begin,trans me?od />ts a transac;n t
isolates all ! *anges made to !
,employees table1 ! ^1,commit,trans
me?od saves ! *anges4 ,notice t y c use
! ^1,rollback me?od to undo *anges t y
sav$ ) ! ^1,update me?od4
#bda
_function _change_title a#bff
_const _>mb__iconquestion = 32
_const _>yes = _6
_const _>yes__no = _4
_dim _>crlf _as _string, _&
_employee_name _as _string
_dim _message _as _string, _prompt _&
_as _string
_dim _my_db _as _database, _&
_my_work_space as _workspace, _&
_my_table _as _recordset
_>crlf = _chr$(13) & _chr$(10)
_prompt = "_change title to _&
_account _executive?"
_' _get current database.
_set _my_workspace = _>dbe_<ngine._&
_workspaces(0)
_set _my_db = _my_workspace._&
_databases(0)
_' _open table.
;;;,function ,change,title a#bff
,const ,,,mb.-iconquestion, "7 #cb
,const ,,yes "7 #f
,const ,,,yes.-no, "7 #d
,dim ,,crlf ,as ,string1""
,employee,name ,as ,string
,dim ,message ,as ,string1 ,prompt""
,as ,string
,dim ,my,db ,as ,database1""
,my,work,space as ,workspace1""
,my,table ,as ,recordset
,,crlf "7 ,chr@s"<#ac"> @&""
,chr@s"<#aj">
,prompt "7 ,7,change title to""
,account ,executive8,7
' ,get current database4
,set ,my,workspace "7 ,d,b,engine4"
,workspaces"<#j">
,set ,my,db "7 ,my,workspace4"
,databases"<#j">
' ,open table4
#bdc
_set _my_table = _my_db._& b#bff
_open_recordset("_employees", _&
_>db__open__table)
_my_workspace._begin_trans
_' _start of transaction scope.
_do _until _my_table._>eof
_if _my_table![_title] = _&
"_sales _representative" _then
_employee_name = _my_table!_&
[_last _name] & ", _" & _my_table!_&
[_first _name]
_message = "_employee: _" & _&
_employee_name & _>crlf & _>crlf
_if _msg_box(_message & _&
_prompt, _>mb__iconquestion & _&
_>yes__no, "_change _job _title") = _&
_>yes _then
_my_table._edit
_' _enable editing.
_my_table![_title] = _&
"_account _executive"
,set ,my,table "7 ,my,db4" b#bff
,open,recordset"<,7,employees,71""
,,,db.-open.-table">,
,my,workspace4,begin,trans
' ,start of transaction scope4
,do ,until ,my,table4,,eof
,if ,my,table6.<,title.> "7""
,7,sales ,representative,7 ,then
,employee,name "7 ,my,table6"
.<,last ,name.> @& ,71 ,7 @&""
,my,table6.<,first ,name.>
,message "7 ,7,employee3 ,7 @&""
,employee,name @& ,,crlf @& ,,crlf
,if ,msg,box"<,message @&""
,prompt1 ,,,mb.-iconquestion @&""
yes.-no1, ,7,change ,job ,title,7">""
"7 ,,yes ,then
,my,table4,edit
' ,enable editing4
,my,table6.<,title.> "7""
,7,account ,executive,7 #bde
_' _change title. c#bff
_my_table._update
_' _save changes.
_end _if
_end _if
------------------------------------#bfg
_my_table._move_next
_' _move to next record.
_loop
_if _msg_box("_save all changes?", _&
_>mb__iconquestion + _>yes__no, _&
"_save _changes") = _>yes _then
_my_workspace._commit_trans
_' _commit changes.
_else
_my_workspace._rollback
_' _undo changes.
_end _if
_my_table._close
_' _close table.
_end _function
' ,change title4 c#bff
,my,table4,update
' ,save changes4
,end ,if
,end ,if
------------------------------------#bfg
,my,table4,move,next
' ,move to next record4
,loop
,if ,msg,box"<,7,save all""
changes8,71 ,,,mb.-iconquestion "6""
yes.-no1, ,7,save ,changes,7"> "7""
,,yes ,then
,my,workspace4,commit,trans
' ,commit changes4
,else
,my,workspace4,rollback
' ,undo changes4
,end ,if
,my,table4,close
' ,close table4
,end ,function; #bdg
,transac;ns & ,p]=m.e a#bfg
,9 a4i;n 65sur+ data 9tegr;y1
transac;ns >e important = improv+
database p]=m.e 9 _m situ,ns4
,transac;ns provide spe$ 9cr1ses 2c !y
tell ! ,jet database 5g9e :5 x c flu%
memory ca*es 6disk4 ,transac;ns bracket
relat$ op],ns s !y c 2 ca*$ 9 memory
until ei a _*_commit_trans_/ or
_*_rollback_/_: me?od o3urs4 ,/or+ a set
( op],ns 9 memory is m* fa/] ?an writ+ e
op],n 6disk1 z o3urs )t transac;ns4
,transac;ns >e al a gd way 69cr1se
.3curr5cy--! numb] ( us]s t c a3ess a
database simultanesly--in multius]
applic,ns4 ,= example1 ! foll[+ sequ;e
all[s m us]s 6get at data simultanesly
)t lock+ 3flicts3
,transac;ns & ,p]=m.e a#bfg
,9 addi;n to 5sur+ data 9tegr;y1
transac;ns >e important = improv+
database p]=m.e 9 _m situa;ns4
,transac;ns provide spe$ 9cr1ses 2c !y
tell ! ,jet database 5g9e :5 x c flu%
memory ca*es to disk4 ,transac;ns
bracket relat$ op]a;ns s !y c 2 ca*$ 9
memory until ei a ^1,commit,trans or
^1,rollback me?od o3urs4 ,/or+ a set (
op]a;ns 9 memory is m* fa/] ?an writ+ e
op]a;n to disk1 z o3urs )t transac;ns4
,transac;ns >e al a gd way to 9cr1se
.13curr5cy.',-! numb] ( us]s t c a3ess a
database simultanesly,-9 multius]
applica;ns4 ,= example1 ! foll[+ sequ;e
all[s m us]s to get at data
simultanesly )t lock+ 3flicts3
#bdi
_my_workspace._begin_trans b#bfg
_my_rs = _my_db._open_recordset_&
("_long running query")
_my_workspace._commit_trans
_debug._print _my_rs!_field1
...
77 ,= m 9=m,n on writ+ applic,ns =
use 9 a multius] 5viron;t1 see
,*apt] #ab1 8,develop+ ,multius]
,applic,ns40
,,5d ,,( ,,-put] ,,sample
,,9 ,,cbc
;;;,my,workspace4,begin,trans b#bfg
,my,rs "7 ,my,db4,open,recordset"
"<,7,long running query,7">
,my,workspace4,commit,trans
,debug4,print ,my,rs6,field#a
444;
,= m 9=ma;n on writ+ applica;ns =
use 9 a multius] 5viron;t1 see
,*apt] #ab1 8,develop+ ,multius]
,applica;ns40
,,,5d ( -put] sample 9 uebc,
#bea
,sample #f4
,*emi/ry
,? sample is transcrib$ us+ ..,brl
,code = ,*emical ,not,n .#aiig 7on left
h& pages7 &! ,unifi$ ,5gli% ,brl ,code z
( ,june #bjja 7on "r h& pages74
,9 ! ,,uebc sample1 *a9 & r+ diagrams
>e transcrib$ us+ grade "o mode4 ,runov]
locators 9 ^! diagrams >e prec$$ 0an ;r4
#bec
,*emi/ry ,sample 9 ,*emi/ry ,code
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,neme? ,symbols
" 7#e7 basel9e 9dicator
. 7#df7 decimal po9t
@] g5]al ref];e 9dicator denot+ m>g9al
mat]ial
_ 7#def7 punctu,n 9dicator
( op5+ p>5!sis
) clos+ p>5!sis
; 7#ef7 2g9 subscript
" 7#e7 return 6basel9e af subscript
, 7#f7 ma!matical -ma
+ plus sign
$o "r >r[
,' 7#f1 #c7 transcrib]'s note symbol
@0 7#d1 #cef7 p]c5t sign
,*emi/ry ,code ,symbols
_3] s+le horizontal bond
_g] bold horizontal bond
_7] d# horizontal bond
_ 7#def7 s+le v]tical bond
__ 7#def1 #def7 d# v]tical bond
[o unlabel$ v]tex
,*emi/ry ,sample 9 ,,uebc
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,,uebc ,symbols
.=,,, 2g9 capitaliz$ passage
.=, 72f a space7 5d capitaliz$ passage
.=.1 italic ^w
.=.7 2g9 italic passage
.=. 72f a space7 5d italic passage
.=; grade "o symbol
.=;; grade "o ^w
.=;;; 2g9 grade "o passage
.=;' 5d grade "o )9 a sequ;e
.=; 72f a space7 5d grade "o passage
.=,- da%
.=5 subscript next item
.="< op5+ p>5!sis
.="> clos+ p>5!sis
.=,- s+le horizontal bond
.=.,- d# horizontal bond
.="6 plus sign
.="7 equal sign
.=o "r >r[
.=,' transcrib]'s note symbol
.=.0 p]c5t sign #bee
,*emi/ry ,code ,symbols 73t47
_/ l[] left 6upp] "r oblique bond
_* upp] left 6l[] "r oblique bond
_// l[] left 6upp] "r1 d#1 oblique bond
_v up-po9t+1 fill$ in1 oblique w$ge
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
,l9e ,symbols 9 ,,uebc
.=_ s+le v]tical l9e
.=__ d# v]tical l9e
.="33 s+le horizontal l9e
.=> s+le "r-l1n+ diagonal l9e
.=< s+le left-l1n+ diagonal l9e
.=>> d# "r-l1n+ diagonal l9e
.=w cross+ ) v]tical l9e
.=j "r corn] ) upw>d v]tical
,note3 ,,uebc does n yet provide =!
bold l9e or =! w$ge4
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
#beg
,b".3 ,,c>bohydrates3 #bbh
,,! ,,5]giz]s
@] ,sug>s1 />*1 & cellulose >e all
c>bohydrates4
.,c>bohydrates >e -p.ds -pos$ ( only
?ree ele;ts--c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg54 ,=
example1 glucose1 ! key 5]gy-rel1s+
c>bohydrate 9 biological sy/ems1 has !
=mula ,c6,h12,o6_4 ,:5 s* =mulas 7 f/
4cov]$1 *emi/s 7 tempt$ 6write ! glucose
=mula z ,c6(,h2,o);6"--imply+ a *emical
-b9,n ( c>bon & wat]4 ,s1 !y 9v5t$ ! t]m
8c>bo-hydrate10 or wat]-3ta9+ c>bon
-p.d4 ,we n[ "k t wat] molecules >e n
actu,y pres5t 9 c>bohydrates1 b ! "n has
p]si/$4
@] ,e mo;t ( yr life1 c>bohydrates
>e oxidiz$ 9 yr body 6produce 5]gy1
,c,o2, & ,h2,o_4
,c>bohydrates may 2 simple sug>s s* z
glucose or -pos$ ( two or m simple sug>
molecules -b9$ 9 v>is ways (,ta# #3)_4
,simple sug>s >e
,b4#c ,,,c>bohydrates3 #bbh
! 5]giz]s,
,sug>s1 />*1 & cellulose >e all
c>bohydrates4
.1,c>bohydrates >e comp.ds compos$ (
only ?ree ele;ts,-c>bon1 hydrog51 &
oxyg54 ,= example1 glucose1 ! key 5]gy-
rel1s+ c>bohydrate 9 biological sy/ems1
has ! =mula ;;,c5#f,h5#ab,o5#f4 ,:5 s*
=mulas 7 f/ 4cov]$1 *emi/s 7 tempt$ to
write ! glucose =mula z
;;,c5#f"<,h5#b,o">5#f;',-imply+ a
*emical comb9a;n ( c>bon & wat]4 ,s1 !y
9v5t$ ! t]m 8c>bo-hydrate10 or wat]-
3ta9+ c>bon comp.d4 ,we n[ "k t wat]
molecules >e n actually pres5t 9
c>bohydrates1 b ! "n has p]si/$4
,e mo;t ( yr life1 c>bohydrates >e
oxidiz$ 9 yr body to produce 5]gy1
;;,c,o5#b1 & ;;,h5#b,o4
,c>bohydrates may 2 simple sug>s s* z
glucose or compos$ ( two or m simple
sug> molecules comb9$ 9 v>is ways
"<,table #c">4 ,simple sug>s >e #bei
call$ .monosac*>ides4 ,! mo/ a#bbh
-mon monosac*>ide molecules 3ta9 five or
six c>bon atoms bond$ tgr4 ,z %[n 9
,figure #2, glucose (and mo/ o!r
monosac*>ides) c exi/ ei 9 a *a9 or a r+
=m4 ,d bo? =ms h ! same molecul> =mula8
(,*eck 0c.t+ ! atoms4)
,figure #2 ,/ructural =mulas =
glucose4 ,! *a9 & r+ =ms >e
9t]conv]ti#2 ! r+ =m predom9ates 9 !
body4
,*a9 =m
,o,h ,o,h ,o,h ,h ,o,h ,o
_ _ _ _ _ __
,h_3],c6_3],c5_3],c4_3],c3_3],c2_3],c1
_ _ _ _ _
,h ,h ,h ,o,h ,h
_3],h
,figure #2
call$ .1monosac*>ides4 ,! mo/ a#bbh
common monosac*>ide molecules 3ta9 five
or six c>bon atoms bond$ tgr4 ,z %[n 9
,figure #b1 glucose "<& mo/ o!r
monosac*>ides"> c exi/ ei 9 a *a9 or a
r+ =m4 ,d bo? =ms h ! same molecul>
=mula8 "<,*eck by c.t+ ! atoms4">
,figure #b ,/ructural =mulas =
glucose4 ,! *a9 & r+ =ms >e
9t]conv]tible2 ! r+ =m predom9ates 9
! body4
,*a9 =m
,o,h ,o,h ,o,h ,h ,o,h
_ _ _ _ _
,h,-,c5#f,-,c5#e,-,c5#d,-,c5#c,-,c5#b
_ _ _ _ _
,h ,h ,h ,o,h ,h
,o
__
,-,c5#a,-,h
,figure #b #bfa
,a r+ =m b#bbh
,h,o,c,h2
_
#6_
[o_3333],o
,h _/ _#5 _* ,h
_ _/ _ _* _
#4_ _/ ,h _* _#1
[o [o
_ _v _v _
,h,o _v ,o,h ,h _v ,o,h
#3_v _ _ _v#2
[o_gggg][o
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #2 (3t4)
,a r+ =m b#bbh
,h,o,c,h5#b
_
#f _
"33333 ,o
,h > _ #e < ,h
_ > _ < _
_ > ,h < _
#d > < #a
_ < ,o,h ,h > _
_ < _ _ > _
,h,o < _ _ > ,o,h
"3333w
#c _ _ #b
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #b "<3t4"> #bfc
,figure #3 ,=m,n ( c#bbh
sucrose4 ,! two %ad$ _3],o,h grps
react )! elim9,n ( "o ,h2,o
molecule4
,glucose+,fructose $o ,sucrose+,water
,c6,h12,o6+,c6,h12,o6
$o ,c12,h22,o11+,h2,o
,h,o,c,h2
_
[o_33],o
,h _/ _ _* ,h
_ _/ ,h _* _
[o [o#a
_ _v ,o,h ,h _v _
,h,o _v _ _ _v ,o,h
[o_gg][o
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #3
,figure #c ,=ma;n ( c#bbh
sucrose4 ,! two %ad$ ,-,o,h grps
react ) ! elim9a;n ( "o ;;,h5#b,o
molecule4
,glucose "6 ,fructose
;o ,sucrose "6 ,wat]
;;;,c5#f,h5#ab,o5#f
"6 ,c5#f,h5#ab,o5#f
o ,c5#ab,h5#bb,o5#aa "6 ,h5#b,o;
,h,o,c,h5#b
_
"33333 ,o
,h > _ < ,h
_ > ,h < _
_ > < _
_ < ,o,h ,h > _ r#a
_ < _ _ > _
,h,o < _ _ > ,o,h
"3333w
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #c #bfe
,o d#bbh
,h,o,c,h2 _/ _*
_ _/ _*
_ _/ _* ,h
_ _/ _* _
_ _/ _* _
#a+[o [o#b
_ _v ,h ,h,o _v _
,h,o _v _ _ _v ,c,h2,o,h
_v _ _ _v
[o_gg][o
_ _
,h,o ,h
,figure #3 (3t4)
,o d#bbh
> <
,h,o,c,h5#b > <
_ > < ,h
_ > < _
r#a "6 _ > < _ r#b
_ < ,h ,h,o > _
_ < _ _ > _
,h,o < _ _ > ,c,h5#b,o,h
"333w
_ _
,h,o ,h
,figure #c "<3t4"> #bfg
,c,h2,o,h e#bbh
_
[o_33],o
,h _/ _ _* ,h
_ _/ ,h _* _/
#b$o [o [o
_ _v ,o,h ,h _v _*
,h,o _v _ _ _v _* #c
[o_gg][o ,o
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #3 (3t4)
,c,h5#b,o,h e#bbh
_
"33333 ,o
,h > _ < ,h
_ > ,h < >
r#b o _ > <>
_ < ,o,h ,h ><
_ < _ _ > < r#c
,h,o < _ _ > ,o
"3333w
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #c "<3t4"> #bfi
,o f#bbh
_/ _*
,c,h2,o,h _/ _*
_* _/ _*
_* _/ _*
_* _/ _* ,h
_* _/ _* _/
[o ,h ,h,o [o#d
_/ _v _ _ _v _*
_/ _v _ _ _v ,c,h2,o,h
_/ _v _ _ _v
#c [o_gg][o
_ _
,o,h ,h
#d+,h2,o
,figure #3 (3t4)
,c,h5#b,o,h ,o f#bbh
< > <
< > <
< > < ,h
< > < >
<> <> r#d
>< ,h ,h,o ><
> < _ _ > <
r#c < _ _ > <
"333w ,c,h5#b,o,h
_ _
,o,h ,h
r#d "6 ,h5#b,o
,figure #c "<3t4"> #bga
,sug> molecules -pos$ ( two #bbi
simple sug> units >e call$ .disac*>ides4
,sucrose (,c12,h22,o11--ord9>y ta# sug>)
is a disac*>ide 9 : ! r+ =ms ( glucose &
fructose >e jo9$ (see ,figure #3)_4 ,z !
molecul> /ructures su7e/1 monosac*>ides
& disac*>ides >e -pos$ ( pol> molecules4
,?us !y t5d 6be hi<ly solu# 9 wat]1 a
pol> solv5t4
@] ,recall ! 8l 4solves l0 rule4
,polym]s -pos$ ( units ( simple sug>
molecules >e call$ .polysac*>ides
(,figure #4)_4 ,/>*1 a major -pon5t (
gra9s & _m vegeta#s1 is a polysac*>ide
-pos$ ( glucose units4 ,cellulose1 !
fibrs or woody mat]ial ( plants &
trees1 is ano!r polysac*>ide =m$ f
glucose4 ,! types ( c>bohydrates >e
summ>iz$ 9 ,ta# #3_4
@] ,rememb] ! 4cus.n ( polye?yl5e
on page #201_4 ,a polym] is a l>ge
molecule -pos$ ( _m small] molecul>
units *emic,y bond$ tgr4
,figure #4 ,polysac*>ides4
,sug> molecules compos$ ( two #bbi
simple sug> units >e call$
.1disac*>ides4 ,sucrose
"<;;,c5#ab,h5#bb,o5#aa;',-ord9>y table
sug>"> is a disac*>ide 9 : ! r+ =ms (
glucose & fructose >e jo9$ "<see ,figure
#c">4 ,z ! molecul> /ructures su7e/1
monosac*>ides & disac*>ides >e compos$ (
pol> molecules4 ,?us !y t5d to 2 hi<ly
soluble 9 wat]1 a pol> solv5t4
,recall ! 8l 4solves l0 rule4
,polym]s compos$ ( units ( simple sug>
molecules >e call$ .1polysac*>ides
"<,figure #d">4 ,/>*1 a major compon5t (
gra9s & _m vegetables1 is a polysac*>ide
compos$ ( glucose units4 ,cellulose1 !
fibrs or woody mat]ial ( plants &
trees1 is ano!r polysac*>ide =m$ f
glucose4 ,! types ( c>bohydrates >e
summ>iz$ 9 ,table #c4
,rememb] ! 4cus.n ( polye?yl5e on
page #bja4 ,a polym] is a l>ge
molecule compos$ ( _m small]
molecul> units *emically bond$ tgr4
,figure #d ,polysac*>ides4 #bgc
,/>* & cellulose >e bo? a#bbi
polym]s ( glucose4 ,!y di6] 9 !
>range;ts (! bonds t jo9 ! glucose
monom]s4
,/>*
,c,h2,o,h
_
[o_33],o
,h _/ _ _* ,h
_* _/ ,h _* _/
[o [o
_* _/ _v ,o,h ,h _v _* #a
,o _v _ _ _v ,o
[o_gg][o
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #4
,/>* & cellulose >e bo? a#bbi
polym]s ( glucose4 ,!y di6] 9 !
>range;ts ( ! bonds t jo9 ! glucose
monom]s4
,/>*
,c,h5#b,o,h
_
"333 ,o
,h > _ < ,h
< > ,h < >
<> <>
< >< ,o,h ,h >< r#a
,o < _ _ > ,o
"33333w
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #d #bge
,c,h2,o,h b#bbi
_
[o_33],o
,h _/ _ _* ,h
_* _/ ,h _* _/
[o [o
_/ _v ,o,h ,h _v _* #b
#a _v _ _ _v ,o
[o_gg][o
_ _
,h ,o,h
,c,h2,o,h
_
[o_33],o
,h _/ _ _* ,h
_* _/ ,h _* _/
[o [o
_/ _v ,o,h ,h _v _* _/
#b _v _ _ _v ,o
[o_gg][o
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #4 (3t4)
,c,h5#b,o,h b#bbi
_
"333 ,o
,h > _ < ,h
< > ,h < >
<> <>
>< ,o,h ,h >< r#b
> < _ _ > ,o
r#a "33333w
_ _
,h ,o,h
,c,h5#b,o,h
_
"333 ,o
,h > _ < ,h
< > ,h < >
<> <>
>< ,o,h ,h >< >
> < _ _ > ,o
r#b "33333w
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #d "<3t4"> #bgg
,cellulose c#bbi
,c,h2,o,h
_
[o_33],o #a
,h _/ _ _* ,o
_* _/ ,h _* _/
[o [o
_/ _v ,o,h ,h _v _*
,o _v _ _ _v ,h
_/ [o_gg][o
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #4 (3t4)
,cellulose c#bbi
,c,h5#b,o,h
_
"333 ,o
,h > _ < r#a
< > ,h < ,o
<> <>
>< ,o,h ,h ><
,o < _ _ > ,h
> "33333w
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #d "<3t4"> #bgi
,c,h2,o,h d#bbi
_
[o_33],o #b
,h _/ _ _* ,o
_* _/ ,h _* _/
[o [o
_/ _v ,o,h ,h _v _*
#a _v _ _ _v ,h
[o_gg][o
_ _
,h ,o,h
,h ,c,h2,o,h
_* _
[o_33],o _/
,h _/ _* ,o
_* _/ _* _/
[o [o
_/ _v ,o,h ,h _v _*
#b _v _ _ _v ,h
[o_gg][o
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #4 (3t4)
,c,h5#b,o,h d#bbi
_
"333 ,o
,h > _ < r#b
< > ,h < ,o
<> <>
>< ,o,h ,h ><
> < _ _ > ,h
r#a "33333w
_ _
,h ,o,h
,h ,c,h5#b,o,h
< _
"333 ,o
,h > < >
< > < ,o
<> <>
>< ,o,h ,h ><
> < _ _ > ,h
r#b "33333w
_ _
,h ,o,h
,figure #d "<3t4"> #bha
@] ,c>bohydrates >e all e#bbi
sug>s or polym]s ( sug>s4
,ta# #3 ,,c>bohydrates
,',a s]ies ( ?ree dot #5s 9dicates
a blank space 9 pr9t4 ,pr9t column
=m *ang$ z foll[s3
,classific,n2 ,-posi;n or ,=mula
,examples2 ,-posi;n
,-mon ,"n or ,srce,'
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,monosac*>ides2 ,c6,h12,o6
,glucose2 --
,blood sug>
,fructose2 --
,fruit sug>
,galactose2 --
--
,ta# #3
,c>bohydrates >e all sug>s e#bbi
or polym]s ( sug>s4
,table #c ,,c>bohydrates
,',a s]ies ( ?ree dot #es 9dicates
a blank space 9 pr9t4 ,pr9t column
=m *ang$ z foll[s3
,classifica;n2 ,composi;n or ,=mula
,examples2 ,composi;n
,common ,"n or ,srce,'
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,monosac*>ides2 ;;,c5#f,h5#ab,o5#f
,glucose2 ,-
,blood sug>
,fructose2 ,-
,fruit sug>
,galactose2 ,-
,-
,table #c #bhc
,disac*>ides2 ,c12,h22,o11 f#bbi
,sucrose2 ,fructose+glucose
,cane sug>
,lactose2 ,galactose+glucose
,milk sug>
,maltose2 ,glucose+glucose
,g]m9at+ se$s
,polysac*>ides2 ,glucose polym]s
,/>*2 """
,plants
,glycog52 """
,animals
,cellulose2 """
,fib]
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
,ta# #3 (3t4)
,disac*>ides2 f#bbi
;;,c5#ab,h5#bb,o5#aa
,sucrose2 ,fructose "6 glucose
,cane sug>
,lactose2 ,galactose "6 glucose
,milk sug>
,maltose2 ,glucose "6 glucose
,g]m9at+ se$s
,polysac*>ides2 ,glucose polym]s
,/>*2 """
,plants
,glycog52 """
,animals
,cellulose2 """
,fib]
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
,table #c "<3t4"> #bhe
,dur+ photosyn!sis1 gre5 g#bbi
plants produce glucose4 ,! ov]all reac;n
is z foll[s3
#6,c,o2+6,h2,o+686 kcal
$o ,c6,h12,o6+6,o2
,c>bon dioxide+,water+,solar energy
$o ,glucose+,oxygen gas
,plants build ^! glucose molecules ei
96/>* = 5]gy /orage1 or 96cellulose1
2com+ "p (! plant's /ructure4
------------------------------------#bcj
,sug>s & />* >e rapidly dige/$ 9 yr
body1 mak+ !m 3v5i5t srces ( 5]gy4
,cellulose is n dige/$4 ,! glucose units
9 cellulose >e bond$ tgr di6]5tly ?an !y
>e 9 />* (see ,figure #4)_4 ,! sli<t
di6];e 9 bond+ makes cellulose 9dige/i#
0mo/ animals4 ,h["e1 cellulose1 "s"ts
call$ fib]1 is ne$$ 9 ! diet 6keep !
dige/ive sy/em func;n+ prop]ly4
@] ,"! >e excep;ns--c[s & t]mites1
= example1 c dige/ cellulose4
,sug>s & />* >e ! major 5]gy-deliv]+
sub/.es 9 r diets4 ,ev5 !
,dur+ photosyn!sis1 gre5 g#bbi
plants produce glucose4 ,! ov]all reac;n
is z foll[s3
#f,c,o5#b "6 #f,h5#b,o "6 #fhf kcal
;o ,c;5#f,h5#ab,o5#f "6 #f,o5#b
,c>bon dioxide "6 ,wat] "6 ,sol> 5]gy
;o ,glucose "6 ,oxyg5 gas
,plants build ^! glucose molecules ei
9to />* = 5]gy /orage1 or 9to cellulose1
2com+ "p ( ! plant's /ructure4
------------------------------------#bcj
,sug>s & />* >e rapidly dige/$ 9 yr
body1 mak+ !m 3v5i5t srces ( 5]gy4
,cellulose is n dige/$4 ,! glucose units
9 cellulose >e bond$ tgr di6]5tly ?an !y
>e 9 />* "<see ,figure #d">4 ,! sli<t
di6];e 9 bond+ makes cellulose
9dige/ible by mo/ animals4 ,h["e1
cellulose1 "s"ts call$ fib]1 is ne$$ 9 !
diet to keep ! dige/ive sy/em func;n+
prop]ly4
,"! >e excep;ns,-c[s & t]mites1 =
example1 c dige/ cellulose4
,sug>s & />* >e ! major 5]gy-deliv]+
sub/.es 9 r diets4 ,ev5 ! #bhg
smalle/ muscle twit* or ?" a#bcj
requires 5]gy4 ,! body obta9s mo/ ( ?
5]gy 0burn+ ! glucose molecules 9 sug>s
& />*4 ,ea* gram ( c>bohydrate deliv]s
ab #4 ,calories ( 5]gy4
@] #1 ;g carbohydrate
.k #4 ,cal 5]gy
,nutri;ni/s recomm5d t ab #60@0 ( food
5]gy -e f c>bohydrates4 ,mo/ (! _w's
popul,n obta9s c>bohydrates 0eat+ gra9s4
,^! gra9s >e (t5 3sum$ z rice1 corn m1l1
:1t tortillas1 br1d1 & pa/a4 ,9 ! ,unit$
,/ates we t5d 6eat m :1t br1ds &
potatoes = c>bohydrates ?an p d else":4
,9 all c.tries1 fruits & vegeta#s al
provide c>bohydrates4 ,m1ts provide a
small am.t ( c>bohydrate 9 ! =m (
glycog51 : is h[ animals /ore glucose4
,on av]age1 ea* ,u4,s4 citiz5 3sumes m
?an #90 lb (40 kg) ( ta# sug> ea* ye> 9
b"eages1 br1ds1 & cakes & z a sweet5]4
,a #12-nce non-diet cola dr9k 3ta9s n9e
t1spoons ( sug>4
smalle/ muscle twit* or ?" a#bcj
requires 5]gy4 ,! body obta9s mo/ ( ?
5]gy by burn+ ! glucose molecules 9
sug>s & />*4 ,ea* gram ( c>bohydrate
deliv]s ab #d ,calories ( 5]gy4
#a ;g c>bohydrate "7 #d ,cal 5]gy
,nutri;ni/s recomm5d t ab #fj.0 ( food
5]gy come f c>bohydrates4 ,mo/ ( ! _w's
popula;n obta9s c>bohydrates by eat+
gra9s4 ,^! gra9s >e (t5 3sum$ z rice1
corn m1l1 :1t tortillas1 br1d1 & pa/a4
,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates we t5d to eat m :1t
br1ds & potatoes = c>bohydrates ?an p d
else":4 ,9 all c.tries1 fruits &
vegetables al provide c>bohydrates4
,m1ts provide a small am.t ( c>bohydrate
9 ! =m ( glycog51 : is h[ animals /ore
glucose4 ,on av]age1 ea* ,u4,s4 citiz5
3sumes m ?an #ij lb "<#dj kg"> ( table
sug> ea* ye> 9 b"eages1 br1ds1 & cakes &
z a sweet5]4 ,a #ab-ounce non-diet cola
dr9k 3ta9s n9e t1spoons ( sug>4
#bhi
,b".4 ,,fats3 b#bcj
,,/or$ ,,5]gy ,,) ,a ,,bad ,,"n
,unlike c>bohydrate & prote91 ! ^w
8fat0 has acquir$ xs [n g5]al (and "s:at
negative) m1n+4 ,6mo/ p1 8,y're too fat0
m1ns t ! p]son looks ov]wei<t4 ,h["e1 f
a *emi/'s po9t ( view1 .fats >e a major
category ( biomolecules : h _! [n
special "*i/ics & func;ns1 j z
c>bohydrates & prote9s d4
,fats >e a significant "p ( r diet4
,!y're pres5t 9 m1t1 fi%1 & pltry2
salad dress+s & oils2 dairy products2 &
gra9s4 ,:5 r bodies take 9 m food ?an
is ne$$ = 5]gy1 m* (! excess is 3v]t$
6fat molecules & /or$ 9 ! body4 ,if food
9take is n l>ge 5 6supply ! body's 5]gy
ne$s1 ! body 2g9s 6burn /or$ fat4
,l c>bohydrates1 fats >e -pos$ (
c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg54 ,h["e1 fats
3ta9 less oxyg5 ?an c>bohydrates & 3ta9
m /or$ 5]gy4 ,gram-=-gram1 fat 3ta9s ov]
twice ! 5]gy f.d 9 c>bohydrates4
,b4#d ,,,fats3 b#bcj
/or$ 5]gy ) a bad "n,
,unlike c>bohydrate & prote91 ! ^w
8fat0 has acquir$ xs [n g5]al "<& "s:at
negative"> m1n+4 ,to mo/ p1 8,y're too
fat0 m1ns t ! p]son looks ov]wei<t4
,h["e1 f a *emi/'s po9t ( view1 .1fats
>e a major category ( biomolecules : h
_! [n special "*i/ics & func;ns1 j z
c>bohydrates & prote9s d4
,fats >e a significant "p ( r diet4
,!y're pres5t 9 m1t1 fi%1 & pltry2
salad dress+s & oils2 dairy products2 &
gra9s4 ,:5 r bodies take 9 m food ?an
is ne$$ = 5]gy1 m* ( ! excess is 3v]t$
to fat molecules & /or$ 9 ! body4 ,if
food 9take is n l>ge 5 to supply !
body's 5]gy ne$s1 ! body 2g9s to burn
/or$ fat4
,l c>bohydrates1 fats >e compos$ (
c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg54 ,h["e1 fats
3ta9 less oxyg5 ?an c>bohydrates & 3ta9
m /or$ 5]gy4 ,gram-=-gram1 fat 3ta9s ov]
twice ! 5]gy f.d 9 c>bohydrates4 #bia
,fats >e g5],y nonpol> 9 nature c#bcj
& >e only sp>+ly solu# 9 wat]4 ,2c ( _!
solubil;y & 5]gy-/or+ prop]ties1 fat
molecules >e m l hydroc>bons ?an
c>bohydrates4
,fats >e memb]s (! class (
biomolecules call$ .lipids4 ,"s lipids
>e build] molecules t =m cell membranes4
,o!rs 2come horm"os--*emical mess5g]s t
regulate processes 9 ! body4
,a typical fat molecule is a -b9,n (a
simple ?ree-c>bon alcohol call$ .glyc]ol
) ?ree fatty acid molecules4 (,the =m,n
(a typical fat is %[n 9 ,figure #5_4)
.,fatty .acids >e a class ( -p.ds made
up (a l;g hydroc>bon *a9 )a c>boxyl grp
(_3],c,o,o,h) at "o 5d4 ,! reac;n
produc+ a fat molecule is simil> 6"o y
alr -plet$ 9 ! laboratory (page #204)--!
produc;n ( an e/]1 me?yl
------------------------------------#bca
salicylate4 ,h["e1 "h a molecule 3ta9+
.?ree _3],o,h grps reacts ) .?ree
molecules ( acid4 ,?ree molecules
,fats >e g5]ally nonpol> 9 c#bcj
nature & >e only sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]4
,2c ( _! solubil;y & 5]gy-/or+
prop]ties1 fat molecules >e m l
hydroc>bons ?an c>bohydrates4
,fats >e memb]s ( ! class (
biomolecules call$ .1lipids4 ,"s lipids
>e build] molecules t =m cell membranes4
,o!rs 2come horm"os,-*emical mess5g]s t
regulate processes 9 ! body4
,a typical fat molecule is a comb9a;n
( a simple ?ree-c>bon alcohol call$
.1glyc]ol ) ?ree fatty acid molecules4
"<,! =ma;n ( a typical fat is %[n 9
,figure #e4"> .7,fatty acids. >e a class
( comp.ds made up ( a l;g hydroc>bon *a9
) a c>boxyl grp "<,-,c,o,o,h"> at "o
5d4 ,! reac;n produc+ a fat molecule is
simil> to "o y alr complet$ 9 !
laboratory "<page #bjd">,-! produc;n (
an e/]1 me?yl
------------------------------------#bca
salicylate4 ,h["e1 "h a molecule 3ta9+
.1?ree ,-,o,h grps reacts ) .1?ree
molecules ( acid4 ,?ree molecules #bic
( wat] >e elim9at$1 produc+ a a#bca
molecule 3ta9+ ?ree e/] grps 9/1d ( "o4
,s* a fat is "kn z a .triglyc]ide4
,figure #5 ,=m,n (a typical fat1 a
triglyc]ide4 ,glyc]ol & ?ree
molecules ( fatty acid -b9e 9 a
3d5s,n reac;n 6=m a trie/] &
elim9ate ?ree wat] molecules4
,',in pr9t1 a label is %[n 2n ea*
seg;t4 ,9 brl1 ! labels >e 9 =mula
ord] & plac$ abv ! *emical =mula4,'
,glycerol+,palmitic acid
$o ,glyceryltripalmitate (a typical
fat)+,water
,figure #5
( wat] >e elim9at$1 produc+ a a#bca
molecule 3ta9+ ?ree e/] grps 9/1d ( "o4
,s* a fat is "kn z a .1triglyc]ide4
,figure #e ,=ma;n ( a typical fat1
a triglyc]ide4 ,glyc]ol & ?ree
molecules ( fatty acid comb9e 9
3d5sa;n reac;n to =m a trie/] &
elim9ate ?ree wat] molecules4
,',in pr9t1 a label is %[n 2n ea*
seg;t4 ,9 brl1 ! labels >e 9 =mula
ord] & plac$ abv ! *emical =mula4,'
,glyc]ol "6 ,palmitic acid
;o ,glyc]yltripalmitate "<a typical
fat"> "6 ,wat]
,figure #e #bie
,h b#bca
_
,h_3],c_3],o,h
_
,h_3],c_3],o,h
_
,h_3],c_3],o,h
_
,h
,o
__
+3,h,o_3],c_3](,c,h2);14"_3],c,h3
,figure #5 (3t4)
,h b#bca
_
,h,-,c,-,o,h
_
,h,-,c,-,o,h
_
,h,-,c,-,o,h
_
,h
,o
__
"6 #c ,h,o,-,c,-"<,c,h5#b">5#ad
,-,c,h5#c
,figure #e "<3t4"> #big
,h c#bca
_
,h_3],c_3],o#a
_
$o ,h_3],c_3],o#b
_
,h_3],c_3],o#c
_
,h
,o
__
#a_3],c_3](,c,h2);14"_3],c,h3
,o
__
#b_3],c_3](,c,h2);14"_3],c,h3
,o
__
#c_3],c_3](,c,h2);14"_3],c,h3
+3,h2,o
,figure #5 (3t4)
,h c#bca
_
,h,-,c,-,o r#a
_
o ,h,-,c,-,o r#b
_
,h,-,c,-,o r#c
_
,h
,o
__
r#a ,-,c,-"<,c,h5#b">5#ad,-,c,h5#c
,o
__
r#b ,-,c,-"<,c,h5#b">5#ad,-,c,h5#c
,o
__
r#c ,-,c,-"<,c,h5#b">5#ad,-,c,h5#c
"6 #c ,h5#b,o
,figure #e "<3t4"> #bii
,figure #6 ,typical fatty d#bca
acids4
(a) ,palmitic acid1 a saturat$ fatty
acid
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
,h_3],c_3],c_3],c_3],c_3],c_3],c_3],c
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
_3],c_3],c_3],c_3],c_3],c_3],c_3],c
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h
,h ,o
_ _//
_3],c_3],c
_ _*
,h ,o,h
,figure #6
,figure #f ,typical fatty d#bca
acids4
"<a"> ,palmitic acid1 a saturat$ fatty
acid
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
,h,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,o
_ _ _ _ _ _ >>
,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c
_ _ _ _ _ _ <
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,o,h
,figure #f #cja
(b) ,l9ol5ic acid1 a e#bca
polyunsaturat$ fatty acid
,h ,h ,h
_ _ _
,h_3],c_3],c_3],c_7],c_3],c_3],c_7],c
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h
_ _ _ _ _
_3],c_3],c_7],c_3],c_3],c_3],c_3],c
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h
,h ,h ,h ,o
_ _ _ _//
_3],c_3],c_3],c_3],c
_ _ _ _*
,h ,h ,h ,o,h
,figure #6 (3t4)
"<;b"> ,l9ol5ic acid1 a e#bca
polyunsaturat$ fatty acid
,h ,h ,h ,h
_ _ _ _
,h,-,c,-,c,-,c.,-,c,-,c,-,c.,-,c,-,c
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h
_ _ _ _ _ _
,-,c.,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c,-,c
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h ,h
,h ,o
_ >>
,-,c,-,c
_ <
,h ,o,h
,figure #f "<3t4"> #cjc
,recall t hydroc>bons may 2 f#bca
saturat$ (:5 3ta9+ only s+le c>bon-c>bon
bonds) or unsaturat$ (:5 3ta9+ d# or
triple c>bon-c>bon bonds)_4 ,likewise1
hydroc>bon *a9s 9 fatty acids >e ei
saturat$ (,figure #6a) or unsaturat$
(,figure #6b)_4 ,fats 3ta9+ saturat$
fatty acids >e call$ .saturat$ .fats2
fats 3ta9+ unsaturat$ fatty acids >e
call$ .unsaturat$ .fats4 ,2c ( di6];es 9
_! bonds1 saturat$ & unsaturat$ fats
"picipate di6]5tly 9 body *emi/ry4
,,yr ,,turn
,func;nal ,grps 9 ,biomolecules
,z y 4cov]$ 9 ! ,petroleum unit1
func;nal grps /r;gly 9flu;e ! prop]ties
( organic -p.ds4
,"s classes ( organic -p.ds 9 :
"picul> func;nal grps appe> >e li/$ 2l1
) =mulas writt5 9 _! 3d5s$ =ms (ea* ;,r
repres5ts a hydroc>bon seg;t)_4
,recall t hydroc>bons may 2 f#bca
saturat$ "<:5 3ta9+ only s+le c>bon-
c>bon bonds"> or unsaturat$ "<:5 3ta9+
d# or triple c>bon-c>bon bonds">4
,likewise1 hydroc>bon *a9s 9 fatty acids
>e ei saturat$ "<,figure #f;a"> or
unsaturat$ "<,figure #f;b">4 ,fats 3ta9+
saturat$ fatty acids >e call$ .7saturat$
fats2. fats 3ta9+ unsaturat$ fatty acids
>e call$ .7unsaturat$ fats4. ,2c (
di6];es 9 _! bonds1 saturat$ &
unsaturat$ fats "picipate di6]5tly 9
body *emi/ry4
,,,yr turn,
,func;nal ,grps 9 ,biomolecules
,z y 4cov]$ 9 ! ,petroleum unit1
func;nal grps /r;gly 9flu;e ! prop]ties
( organic comp.ds4
,"s classes ( organic comp.ds 9 :
"picul> func;nal grps appe> >e li/$ 2l1
) =mulas writt5 9 _! 3d5s$ =ms "<ea* ;,r
repres5ts a hydroc>bon seg;t">4 #cje
,alcohol g#bca
,r,o,h
,e!r
,r,o,r
,aldehyde
,r_3],c_3],h
__
,o
,ket"o
,r_3],c_3],r
__
,o
,c>boxylic acid
,r_3],c_3],o_3],h
__
,o
,alcohol g#bca
,r,o,h
,e!r
,r,o,r
,aldehyde
,r,-,c,-,h
__
,o
,ket"o
,r,-,c,-,r
__
,o
,c>boxylic acid
,r,-,c,-,o,-,h
__
,o
#cjg
,e/] h#bca
,r_3],c_3],o_3],r
__
,o
------------------------------------#bcb
,a molecule may 3ta9 m ?an "o func;nal
grp4 ,= example1 look at ! /ructure (
cortisol (a lipid) 2l4 ,cortisol is a
horm"o :1 :5 rel1s$ dur+ />v,n1 makes x
possi# 6use 5]gy f prote94 ,note t
cortisol 3ta9s s"eal func;nal grps3
?ree _3],o,h grps1 two ,c_7],o grps1 &
"o ,c_7],c d# bond4
,e/] h#bca
,r,-,c,-,o,-,r
__
,o
------------------------------------#bcb
,a molecule may 3ta9 m ?an "o func;nal
grp4 ,= example1 look at ! /ructure (
cortisol "<a lipid"> 2l4 ,cortisol is a
horm"o :1 :5 rel1s$ dur+ />va;n1 makes x
possible to use 5]gy f prote94 ,note t
cortisol 3ta9s s"eal func;nal grps3
?ree ,-,o,h grps1 two ,c.,-,o grps1 &
"o ,c.,-,c dble bond4
#cji
,cortisol a#bcb
,c,h2,o,h
_
,c_7],o
_
,h,o [o _ [o_3],o,h
_* _/ _* __/ _*
[o [o [o
_ _ _
[o _ [o [o_3333][o
_/ _* __/ _* _/
[o [o [o
_ _ _
[o [o [o
_// _* _// _* _/
,o [o [o
#1_4 ,ref] 6! two =ms ( glucose %[n 9
,figure #2_4
;a_4 ,draw bo? *a9 & r+ /ructures =
glucose4
;b_4 ,circle & id5tify ! func;nal
grp(s) f.d 9 ! *a9 /ructure4
;c_4 ,exam9e ! numb]+ (! c>bon
,cortisol a#bcb
,c,h5#b,o,h
_
,c.,-,o
_
,h,o > _ > ,-,o,h
< > < _ > <
< > < > <
_ _ _
> _ > _ _
> < _ > < > "333j
> < > < >
_ _ _
>>< >>< >
>> < >> < >
,o <> <>
#a4 ,ref] to ! two =ms ( glucose %[n 9
,figure #b4
a4 ,draw bo? *a9 & r+ /ructures =
glucose4
;b4 ,circle & id5tify ! func;nal
grp"<s"> f.d 9 ! *a9 /ructure4
;c4 ,exam9e ! numb]+ ( ! c>bon #caa
atoms &! func;nal grps b#bcb
atta*$ 6ea* c>bon atom4
(1) ,: func;nal grps app>5tly react
6=m ! r+ /ructure8
(2) ,on : c>bon atoms d ^! func;nal
grps appe>8
#2_4 ,-p>e ! /rai<t-*a9 /ructures (
fructose & glucose (,see 2l4)
,describe ! di6];es 9 ! /ructures (
^! two monosac*>ides4
atoms & ! func;nal grps b#bcb
atta*$ to ea* c>bon atom4
"<#a"> ,: func;nal grps app>5tly
react to =m ! r+ /ructure8
"<#b"> ,on : c>bon atoms d ^! func;nal
grps appe>8
#b4 ,comp>e ! /rai<t-*a9 /ructures (
fructose & glucose "<,see 2l4">
,describe ! di6];es 9 ! /ructures ( ^!
two monosac*>ides4
#cac
,fructose c#bcb
,h
_
,h_3],c_3],o,h
_
,c_7],o
_
,h,o_3],c_3],h
_
,h_3],c_3],o,h
_
,h_3],c_3],o,h
_
,h_3],c_3],o,h
_
,h
,fructose c#bcb
,h
_
,h,-,c,-,o,h
_
,c.,-,o
_
,h,o,-,c,-,h
_
,h,-,c,-,o,h
_
,h,-,c,-,o,h
_
,h,-,c,-,o,h
_
,h
#cae
,glucose d#bcb
,h
_
,c_7],o
_
,h_3],c_3],o,h
_
,h,o_3],c_3],h
_
,h_3],c_3],o,h
_
,h_3],c_3],o,h
_
,h_3],c_3],o,h
_
,h
#3_4 ,9 g5]al1 alcohols react ) organic
(c>boxylic) acids 6=m e/]s4 ,us+ !
equ,n %[n 9 ,figure #5 z a guide1
write an equ,n (9clud+ /ructures) =!
reac;n ( /e>ic acid (a fatty acid) )
glyc]ol 6=m glyc]yl tri/e>ate (a
fat)_4 ,/e>ic acid has ?
,glucose d#bcb
,h
_
,c.,-,o
_
,h,-,c,-,o,h
_
,h,o,-,c,-,h
_
,h,-,c,-,o,h
_
,h,-,c,-,o,h
_
,h,-,c,-,o,h
_
,h
#c4 ,9 g5]al1 alcohols react ) organic
"<c>boxylic"> acids to =m e/]s4 ,us+ !
equa;n %[n 9 ,figure #e z a guide1
write an equa;n "<9clud+ /ructures"> =
! reac;n ( /e>ic acid "<a fatty acid">
) glyc]ol to =m glyc]yl tri/e>ate "<a
fat">4 ,/e>ic acid has ? #cag
/ructural =mula3 e#bcb
,o
__
,h,o_3],c_3](,c,h2);16",c,h3
#4_4 ,copy ! foll[+ molecul> /ructure on
yr [n pap]3
,o ,h ,h
__ _ _
,h,o_3],c_3](,c,h2);7"_3],c_7],c
_3](,c,h2);7",c,h3
;a_4 ,circle & id5tify ! func;nal
grp(s)_4
;b_4 ,is ? molecule a c>bohydrate or a
fatty acid8 ,:y8
;c_4 ,is x saturat$ or unsaturat$8
,:y8
;d_4 ,rewrite ! molecul> /ructure 6%[
! c>bon atoms 9 a 3t9us *a94
@] ,saturat$ fats appe> 63tribute
/ructural =mula3 e#bcb
,o
__
,h,o,-,c,-"<,c,h5#b">5#af,c,h5#c
#d4 ,copy ! foll[+ molecul> /ructure on
yr [n pap]3
,o ,h ,h
__ _ _
,h,o,-,c,-"<,c,h5#b">5#g,-,c.,-,c
,-"<,c,h5#b">5#g,c,h5#c
a4 ,circle & id5tify ! func;nal
grp"<s">4
;b4 ,is ? molecule a c>bohydrate or a
fatty acid8 ,:y8
;c4 ,is x saturat$ or unsaturat$8 ,:y8
;d4 ,rewrite ! molecul> /ructure to %[
! c>bon atoms 9 a 3t9us *a94
,saturat$ fats appe> to 3tribute
#cai
6coron>y he>t 41se4 f#bcb
,! t]m .polyunsaturat$1 (t5 us$ 9 food
adv]tis+1 m1ns t ! food 3ta9s fats ) two
or m c>bon-c>bon d# bonds 9 ea* fatty
acid molecule4 ,! t]m has 2come famili>
2c 9cr1s+ evid;e su7e/s t saturat$ fats
may 3tribute 6h1l? pro#ms1 :ile "s
unsaturat$ fats may n4 ,saturat$ fats >e
associat$ ) =m,n ( plaque (fat-l or
fibrs matt]), : c block >t]ies4 ,!
result is a 3di;n "kn z 8h>d5+ (!
>t]ies10 or a!roscl]osis1 a "picul> ?r1t
6coron>y (he>t) >t]ies & >t]ies l1d+ 6!
bra94 ,if coron>y >t]ies >e block$1 a
he>t attack c result1 damag+ ! he>t
muscle4
,,5d ,,( ,,*emi/ry ,,sample
,,9 ,,*emi/ry ,,code
to coron>y he>t 41se4 f#bcb
,! t]m .1polyunsaturat$1 (t5 us$ 9
food adv]tis+1 m1ns t ! food 3ta9s fats
) two or m c>bon-c>bon dble bonds 9 ea*
fatty acid molecule4 ,! t]m has 2come
famili> 2c 9cr1s+ evid;e su7e/s t
saturat$ fats may 3tribute to h1l?
problems1 :ile "s unsaturat$ fats may n4
,saturat$ fats >e associat$ ) =ma;n (
plaque "<fat-l or fibrs matt]">1 : c
block >t]ies4 ,! result is a 3di;n "kn z
8h>d5+ ( ! >t]ies10 or a!roscl]osis1 a
"picul> ?r1t to coron>y "<he>t"> >t]ies
& >t]ies l1d+ to ! bra94 ,if coron>y
>t]ies >e block$1 a he>t attack c
result1 damag+ ! he>t muscle4
,,,5d ( *emi/ry sample 9 uebc,
,,! ,,5d
#cba
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